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  • Original Article
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Maternal nutrition, infants and children

Infant feeding patterns over the first year of life: influence of family characteristics

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 67, pages 631–637 (2013)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background/Objectives:

Early eating patterns and behaviors can determine later eating habits and food preferences and they have been related to the development of childhood overweight and obesity. We aimed to identify patterns of feeding in the first year of life and to examine their associations with family characteristics.

Subjects/Methods:

Our analysis included 1004 infants from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Feeding practices were assessed through maternal self-report at birth, 4, 8 and 12 months. Principal component analysis was applied to derive patterns from breastfeeding duration, age at complementary food (CF) introduction and type of food used at 1 year. Associations between patterns and family characteristics were analyzed by linear regressions.

Results:

The main source of variability in infant feeding was characterized by a pattern labeled ‘late CF introduction and use of ready-prepared baby foods’. Older, more educated, primiparous women with high monthly income ranked high on this pattern. The second pattern, labeled ‘longer breastfeeding, late CF introduction and use of home-made foods’ was the closest to infant feeding guidelines. Mothers ranking high on this pattern were older and more educated. The third pattern, labeled ‘use of adults’ foods’ suggests a less age-specific diet for the infants. Mothers ranking high on this pattern were often younger and multiparous. Recruitment center was related to all patterns.

Conclusions:

Not only maternal education level and age, but also parity and region are important contributors to the variability in patterns. Further studies are needed to describe associations between these patterns and infant growth and later food preferences.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the heads of the maternity units, the investigators and all the women who participated in the surveys. We acknowledge all funding sources for the EDEN study: Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), French Ministry of Research: Federative Research Institutes and Cohort Program, INSERM Human Nutrition National Research Program, and Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaboration with the French Association of Diabetic Patients (AFD)), French Ministry of Health, French Agency for Environment Security (AFSSET), French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS), Paris–Sud University, French National Institute for Health Education (INPES), Nestlé, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), French speaking association for the study of diabetes and metabolism (ALFEDIAM), National Agency for Research (ANR non thematic program) and National Institute for Research in Public health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte santé 2008 program). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/ 2007-2013) under the grant agreement n°FP7-245012-HabEat. Aisha Betoko was supported by a research grant from the French Ministry for Higher Education and Research.

Members of the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group: MA Charles, A Forhan, M de Agostini, B Heude, P Ducimetière (Inserm, CESP U1018), M Kaminski, MJ Saurel-Cubizolles, P Dargent, X Fritel, B Larroque, N Lelong, L Marchand, C Nabet (Inserm U953), I Annesi-Maesano (Inserm U707), R Slama (Inserm U823), V Goua, G Magnin, R Hankard, (Poitiers University Hospital), O Thiebaugeorges, M Schweitzer, B Foliguet (Nancy University Hospital), N Job-Spira (ANRS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM, CESP, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, UMR-S 1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease over the life course, Villejuif, France

    A Betoko, M-A Charles, A Forhan, B Heude & B de Lauzon-Guillain

  2. Paris Sud 11 University, UMR-S 1018, Villejuif, France

    A Betoko, M-A Charles, A Forhan, B Heude & B de Lauzon-Guillain

  3. INSERM, CIC 0802, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France

    R Hankard

  4. INSERM, UMRS 953, Epidemiological Research Unit on Perinatal Health and Women’s and Children’s Health, Villejuif, France

    M Bonet & M-J Saurel-Cubizolles

  5. UPMC, Paris 06 University, Paris, France

    M Bonet & M-J Saurel-Cubizolles

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  1. A Betoko
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the EDEN mother-child cohort study group

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Correspondence to A Betoko.

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Additional information

Contributors: The EDEN Study group, coordinated by MAC and BH, was responsible for study design and data collection. MAC and BLG were involved in all aspects from study conception to manuscript writing. AB, AF and MB participated in data management for the present analyses. AB analyzed and interpreted the data and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. BH, RH, MJSC and all the coauthors critically reviewed all sections of the text for important intellectual content. MAC is the guarantor of the study. All authors had full access to all of the data in the study and can take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

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Betoko, A., Charles, MA., Hankard, R. et al. Infant feeding patterns over the first year of life: influence of family characteristics. Eur J Clin Nutr 67, 631–637 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.200

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