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  • Research Article
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Generation of tissue-specific and promiscuous HLA ligand databases using DNA microarrays and virtual HLA class II matrices

Nature Biotechnology volume 17, pages 555–561 (1999)Cite this article

Abstract

Most pockets in the human leukocyte antigen–group DR (HLA-DR) groove are shaped by clusters of polymorphic residues and, thus, have distinct chemical and size characteristics in different HLA-DR alleles. Each HLA-DR pocket can be characterized by "pocket profiles," a quantitative representation of the interaction of all natural amino acid residues with a given pocket. In this report we demonstrate that pocket profiles are nearly independent of the remaining HLA-DR cleft. A small database of profiles was sufficient to generate a large number of HLA-DR matrices, representing the majority of human HLA-DR peptide-binding specificity. These virtual matrices were incorporated in software (TEPITOPE) capable of predicting promiscuous HLA class II ligands. This software, in combination with DNA microarray technology, has provided a new tool for the generation of comprehensive databases of candidate promiscuous T-cell epitopes in human disease tissues. First, DNA microarrays are used to reveal genes that are specifically expressed or upregulated in disease tissues. Second, the prediction software enables the scanning of these genes for promiscuous HLA-DR binding sites. In an example, we demonstrate that starting from nearly 20,000 genes, a database of candidate colon cancer–specific and promiscuous T-cell epitopes could be fully populated within a matter of days. Our approach has implications for the development of epitope-based vaccines.

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Figure 1: Allele independence of pocket profiles leads to wide coverage of HLA-DR binding specificity.
Figure 2: Function of the TEPITOPE software.
Figure 3: Validation of TEPITOPE using large peptide repertoires.
Figure 4: Examples for tumor antigen identification by DNA microarray technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Roche Milano Ricerche, Milan, 20132, Italy

    Tiziana Sturniolo, Elisa Bono, Fabio Gallazzi, Francesco Sinigaglia & Juergen Hammer

  2. Department of Genomics and Information Sciences, Hoffman-La Roche, Nutley, 07110, NJ

    Jiayi Ding, Laura Raddrizzani, Michael Braxenthaler & Juergen Hammer

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, 66421, Germany

    Oezlem Tuereci & Ugur Sahin

  4. Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Scientific Institute H. San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy

    Maria Pia Protti

Authors
  1. Tiziana Sturniolo
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Correspondence to Juergen Hammer.

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Sturniolo, T., Bono, E., Ding, J. et al. Generation of tissue-specific and promiscuous HLA ligand databases using DNA microarrays and virtual HLA class II matrices. Nat Biotechnol 17, 555–561 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/9858

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