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Antifungal and defense elicitor activities of pyrazines identified in endophytic Pseudomonas putida BP25 against fungal blast incited by Magnaporthe oryzae in rice

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Abstract

Black pepper-associated endophytic Pseudomonas putida BP25 displayed volatile-mediated antagonism against rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae 1637. The major chemical fraction identified in the volatiles of Pseudomonas putida BP25 was 2-methylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine; both of them inhibited all developmental stages such as conidial germination, mycelial growth, and sporulation of M. oryzae. To validate the antifungal activity of 2-methylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine on blast disease, in planta experiments were conducted on rice seeds and seedlings. Blast disease incidence and disease severity on volatile-treated seedlings were significantly reduced as compared to mock. Seedlings that emerged from volatile-exposed seeds were analyzed for expression of candidate defense gene, OsPAD4, OsEDS1, OsPDF2.2, OsPR3, and OsPR1.1 by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Seedlings exposed to volatiles showed significant induction of the OsPAD4 gene with both 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine and 2-methylpyrazine. Direct antifungal activity of pyrazine coupled with its defense elicitation capability can be harnessed for rice seed disinfection to ensure healthy, vigorous, and disease-free transplants.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Director, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, and PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for providing financial support and research facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Asharani Patel, Aundy Kumar, Neelam Sheoran, Mukesh Kumar, Kuleshwar Prasad Sahu, Prakash Ganeshan & Robin Gogoi

  2. Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Subbaiyan Gopalakrishnan

  3. Seed Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India

    Mushineni Ashajyothi

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  1. Asharani Patel
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Patel, A., Kumar, A., Sheoran, N. et al. Antifungal and defense elicitor activities of pyrazines identified in endophytic Pseudomonas putida BP25 against fungal blast incited by Magnaporthe oryzae in rice. J Plant Dis Prot 128, 261–272 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00373-3

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