Abstract
Autonomous robotics has permeated several industrial, research and consumer robotic applications, of which path planning is an important component. The path planning algorithm of choice is influenced by the application at hand and the history of algorithms used for such applications. The latter is dependent on an extensive conglomeration and classification of path planning literature, which is what this work focuses on. Specifically, we accomplish the following: typical classifications of path planning algorithms are provided. Such classifications rely on differences in knowledge of the environment (known/unknown), robot (model-specific/generic), and constraints (static/dynamic). This classification however, is not comprehensive. Thus, as a resolution, we propose a detailed taxonomy based on a fundamental parameter of the space, i.e. its ability to be characterized as a set of disjoint or connected points. We show that this taxonomy encompasses important attributes of path planning problems, such as connectivity and partitioning of spaces. Consequently, path planning spaces in robotics may be viewed as simply a set of points, or as manifolds. The former can further be divided into unpartitioned and partitioned spaces, of which the former uses variants of sampling algorithms, optimization algorithms, model predictive controls, and evolutionary algorithms, while the latter uses cell decomposition and graph traversal, and sampling-based optimization techniques.This article achieves the following two goals: The first is the introduction of an all-encompassing taxonomy of robotic path planning. The second is to streamline the migration of path planning work from disciplines such as mathematics and computer vision to robotics, into one comprehensive survey. Thus, the main contribution of this work is the review of works for static constraints that fall under the proposed taxonomy, i.e., specifically under topology and manifold-based methods. Additionally, further taxonomy is introduced for manifold-based path planning, based on incremental construction or one-step explicit parametrization of the space.
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Abbreviations
- 2LPM:
-
2-Link planar manipulator
- ACO:
-
Ant colony optimization
- APF:
-
Artificial potential field
- BFP:
-
Best first planner
- CCM:
-
Closed chain manipulator
- CDGT:
-
Cell decomposition and graph traversal
- CFDM:
-
Constraint-free discretized manifold
- CFDMPP:
-
Constraint-free discretized manifolds-based path planner
- CFM:
-
Constraint-free manifold
- CS:
-
Constraint set
- CV:
-
Certainty value
- DAPF:
-
Dubin’s APF
- DC:
-
Dynamic constraint
- DCS:
-
Disjoint constraint set
- DMP:
-
Dynamic movement primitives
- DOF:
-
Degrees of freedom
- DTD:
-
Dynamic topology detector
- EA:
-
Evolutionary algorithm
- EE:
-
End-effector
- FSF:
-
Free space force
- FSH:
-
Free space histogram
- GA:
-
Genetic algorithm
- GVD:
-
Generalized Voronoi diagram
- HA*:
-
Homotopic A*
- HB:
-
Homotopic bug
- HBM:
-
Homotopy based method
- HCM:
-
Homotopy continuation methods
- HIMM:
-
Histogram in motion mapping
- HRRT:
-
Homotopic RRT
- HSFM:
-
Headed social force model
- ICE:
-
Inner constraint edge
- IFTM:
-
Inverse function theorem for manifolds
- LAG:
-
L-augmented graph
- LPRM:
-
Lazy PRM
- LM-RRT:
-
Machine learning-based multi-RRT
- MA:
-
Memetic algorithm
- MBM:
-
Model based methods
- MPC:
-
Model predictive control
- MR:
-
Mobile robot
- NAES:
-
Non-linear algebraic equation system
- NF:
-
Navigation functions
- NLOC:
-
Non-linear optimal control
- NOCP:
-
Non-linear optimal control problem
- NOP:
-
Non-linear optimization problem
- OA:
-
Optimization algorithm
- OCE:
-
Outer constraint edge
- OCM:
-
Open chain manipulator
- P-RRT*:
-
Potential functions-based RRT*
- PDR:
-
Path deformation roadmap
- PGD-RRT*:
-
Potential guided directionalized-RRT*
- PPM:
-
Path planning manifold
- PPP:
-
Path planning problem
- PPS:
-
Path planning space
- PPPS:
-
Primary path planning space
- PRM:
-
Probabilistic road map
- PRM*:
-
Probabilistic road map*
- PSM:
-
Product smooth manifold
- PSO:
-
Particle swarm optimization
- RPP:
-
Randomized path planner
- RRG:
-
Rapidly exploring random graph
- RRT:
-
Rapidly exploring random tree
- RRT*:
-
Rapidly exploring random tree*
- RRT*-AB:
-
RRT*-adjustable bounds
- SA:
-
Sampling algorithm
- SC:
-
Static constraint
- SFLA:
-
Shuffled frog leaping algorithm
- SHIO:
-
Single homotopy inducing obstacle
- SLPRM:
-
Semi-lazy PRM
- SM:
-
Smooth manifold
- SO:
-
Special orthogonal group
- SPPS:
-
Secondary path planning space
- SR:
-
Stationary robot
- S-RRT:
-
Smoothly-RRT
- TG:
-
Tangent graph
- TM:
-
Topological manifold
- T-RRT:
-
Transition-based RRT
- UGV:
-
Unmanned ground vehicle
- UAV:
-
Unmanned aerial vehicle
- UUV:
-
Unmanned underwater vehicle
- VG:
-
Visibility graph
- VOS:
-
Velocity obstacle sets
- VFF:
-
Virtual force fields
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Funding
This work was partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Grant RGPIN-2014-06512.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Sindhu Radhakrishnan. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Sindhu Radhakrishnan and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Radhakrishnan, S., Gueaieb, W. A state-of-the-art review on topology and differential geometry-based robotic path planning—part I: planning under static constraints. Int J Intell Robot Appl 8, 435–454 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-024-00330-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-024-00330-5