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A Community-Based Study on Prevalence, Genotype Distribution and Persistence of High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Infection of Uterine Cervix in Rural South India

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Indian Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Knowledge of prevalence and dynamics of high-risk human papilloma virus (HR HPV) is essential for formulating effective prevention strategies for cervical cancer.

Methods

A cross-sectional observation study was carried out among sexually active women of rural Tamil Nadu for estimating the cervical HR-HPV prevalence and their persistence using Hybrid Capture 2 technique and Linear Array HPV genotyping method with follow-up at 12 and 36 months. Data related to prevalence, epidemiological determinants, genotype distribution and persistence of infection was analyzed statistically for significance.

Results

A total of 193 of 1523 women were tested positive for HR HPV, a prevalence rate of 12.7%. The HR HPV prevalence peaked at 25–29 years (16.4%) and consistent across 30–50 years of age (13%). Socio-demographic, sexual and reproductive characteristics had no association with HPV prevalence. HPV 16 was the predominant type followed by 52, 58, 35 and 18 in order of their prevalence. The prevalence rate of HR-HPV among the positive cases was 23.8%, with 16% type specific persistence at 12 months. Overall, 91.7% women had cleared the infection and 3.2% was detected with new HPV infection in three years. HPV types 16 and 52 were the common persistent genotypes.

Conclusion

HPV 16 is the most prevalent and persistent genotype in the Indian population. However, the current vaccine controlled genotype 18 is not among the top five persistent types. More data on diverse population within the country are required to draw conclusive evidence if a tailormade vaccine is the best option towards cervix cancer control.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank DCS project screening team, Chennai and the community leaders of Chengelpet and Tambaram taluk who helped us conduct the study. The editing and formatting of manuscript by Dr.Vani Suresh, Research Scholar Cancer Institute (WIA), is thankfully acknowledged.

Funding

This study was supported by pooled resources from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds, donated to the Cancer Institute (WIA).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Preventive Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Gandhi Nagar, Adyar, No. 1, Canal Bank Road, Chennai, 600020, India

    Malliga J. Subramanian

  2. Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India

    Swaminathan Rajaraman

  3. Tumour Microbiology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India

    Varalakshmi Vijayakumar

Authors
  1. Malliga J. Subramanian
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  2. Swaminathan Rajaraman
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  3. Varalakshmi Vijayakumar
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Contributions

MJS Physician—Gynec Oncology/Preventive Oncology—Primary Investigator was responsible for the overall management of the study that includes recruitment of subjects, train the staff to collect cervical samples, interpretation of test results, clinical management and follow-up care of the study subjects. She also contributed to manuscript writing and submission. SR Epidemiologist/ Biostatistician—Co-investigator was responsible for the design of the study, randomization of units and data analysis. VB Senior Microbiologist—Co-investigator was responsible for analysis of the samples for the presence of high-risk HPV DNA and issue of the results.

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Correspondence to Malliga J. Subramanian.

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All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment in the study.

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Subramanian, M.J., Rajaraman, S. & Vijayakumar, V. A Community-Based Study on Prevalence, Genotype Distribution and Persistence of High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Infection of Uterine Cervix in Rural South India. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 19, 16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-021-00496-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-021-00496-x

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