Abstract
Energy saving is one of the most important issues of wireless sensor networks that are gaining a lot of attention. In other words, energy modeling plays a greater role in energy optimization that helps designers to produce an economical and practical design of sensor nodes. In this paper, an energy consumption model is proposed considering most of the parameters of both MAC and physical layers, unlike other related works that concern with either MAC or physical layer parameters. The proposed energy consumption model is validated with real measurements and NS-2 simulator. Results show good agreement between proposed model, experimental measurements and NS-2 simulator with mean absolute percentage error less than 6 %. The validated model is used to optimize transmitted power to achieve minimum energy consumption. Finally, a closed-form expression for optimum transmitted power is derived for different modulation schemes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akyildiz, I.F.; Su, W.; Sankarasubramaniam, Y.; Cayirci, E.: Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput. Netw. 38, 393–422 (2002)
Ammer, J.; Rabaey J.: The energy-per-useful-bit metric for evaluating and optimizing sensor network physical layers. In: Proceedings of the IWWAN06, pp. 1–6 (2006)
Wang, Q.; Hempstead, M.; Yang, W.: A realistic power consumption model for wireless sensor network devices. In: 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications Networks (SECON), pp. 286–295 (2006)
He, S.; Chen, J.; Member, S.; Yau, D.K.Y.; Sun, Y.: Cross-layer optimization of correlated data gathering in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 11, 1678–1691 (2012)
Gu, Y.; Society, I.C.; Ji, Y.: ESWC: efficient scheduling for the mobile sink in wireless sensor networks with delay constraint. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 24, 1310–1320 (2013)
Melodia, T.; Member, S.; Pompili, D.: Communication and coordination in wireless sensor and actor networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 6, 1116–1129 (2007)
Tudose, D.; Gheorghe, L.; Tpu, N.: Radio transceiver consumption modeling for multi-hop wireless sensor networks. UPB Sci. Bull. Ser. C Electr. Eng. 75, 17–26 (2013)
Huang, P.; Chen, H.; Xing, G.; Tan, Y.: SGF: a state-free gradient-based forwarding protocol for wireless sensor networks. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. (TOSN) 5(2), 14 (2009)
Chen, H.; Liu, B.; Huang, P.; Liang, J.; Gu, Y.: Mobility-assisted node localization based on TOA measurements without time synchronization in wireless sensor networks. ACM Mob. Netw. Appl. 17, 90–99 (2012)
Holland, M.; Wang, T.; Tavli, B.; Seyedi, A.; Heinzelman, W.: Optimizing physical layer parameters for wireless sensor networks Curriculum Vitae. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 7(4), 28 (2011)
Amin, O.; Bavarian, S.; Lampe, L.: Cooperative techniques for energy-efficient wireless communications. In: Green Radio Communication Networks, pp. 125–149. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2012)
Rosas, F.; Member, S.; Oberli, C.: Modulation and SNR optimization for achieving energy-efficient communications over short-range fading channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 11, 4286–4295 (2012)
Kohvakka, M.: Medium access control and hardware prototype designs for low-energy wireless sensor networks. Ph.D. thesis, Tampere University of Technology (2009)
Howitt, I.; Wang, J.: Energy efficient power control policies for the low rate WPAN. In: Proceedings of the First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference, pp. 527–536 (2004)
Wang, T.; Heinzelman, W.; Seyedi, A.: Minimization of transceiver energy consumption in wireless sensor networks with AWGN channels. In: 46th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, pp. 62–66 (2008)
Saha, D.; Yousuf, M.R.; Matin, M.A.: Energy efficient scheduling algorithm for S-MAC protocol in wireless sensor network. Int. J. Wirel. Mob. Netw. 3, 129140 (2011)
El Kouche, A.; Rashwan, A.M.; Hassanei, H.: Energy consumption measurements and reduction of Zigbee based wireless sensor networks. In: Ad Hoc and Sensor Networking Symposium, pp. 557–562 (2013)
Casilari, E.; Cano-García, J.M.; Campos-Garrido, G.: Modeling of current consumption in 802.15. 4/ZigBee sensor motes. Sensors 10, 5443–5468 (2010)
Instruments, T.: Measuring the Power Consumption on CC2530ZNP Using CC2530 ZNP Mini Kit. Appl. Note AN108, pp. 1–22 (2011).
Moschitta, A.; Neri, I.: Power consumption assessment in wireless sensor networks. In: ICT-Energy-Concepts Towards Zero-Power Information and Communication Technology, pp. 203–224 (2014)
Semiconductor, N.: nRF24L01 Single Chip 2. 4GHz Transceiver Product Specification v2.0 (2007)
Instruments, T.: TMS320F28335, TMS320F28334, TMS320F28332, TMS320F28235, TMS320F28234, TMS320F28232. Digital Signal Controllers (DSCs), Data Manual, Lit. Number SPRS439I, pp. 1–199 (2007)
Goldsmith, A.: Wireless Communications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004)
Corless, R.M.; Gonnet, G.H.; Hare, D.E.G.; Jeffrey, D.J.; Knuth, D.E.: On the LambertW function. Adv. Comput. Math. 5, 329–359 (1996)
Barry, D.A.; Parlange, J.-Y.; Li, L.; Prommer, H.; Cunningham, C.J.; Stagnitti, F.: Analytical approximations for real values of the Lambert W-function. Math. Comput. Simul. 53, 95–103 (2000)
Simon, M.; Alouini, M.: Digital Communication over Fading Channels. Wiley, New Jersey (2005)
Rosas, F.; Oberli, C.: Modulation and SNR optimization for achieving energy-efficient communications over short-range fading channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 12, 4286–4295 (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ali, A., Abo-Zahhad, M. & Farrag, M. Modeling of Wireless Sensor Networks with Minimum Energy Consumption. Arab J Sci Eng 42, 2631–2639 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2281-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2281-5