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Analysis and assessment of urban flash floods on areas with limited available altimetry data (Arouca, NW Portugal): a methodological approach

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Abstract

The flooding of small water courses is a key issue in numerous urban areas. In Arouca village (NW Portugal) the urbanisation process in the past three decades promoted a complex urban hydrological response which has been reflected on the increase of urban flooding events. Therefore, a methodological approach was applied to assess problematic areas to urban flash floods taking into account the lack of altimetry data. For this purpose, the precipitation events and the rainfall contributing to the urban hydrodynamics were analysed and an inventory of the surface runoff arrangement was performed through fieldwork established by the urban fabric structure and based on the analysis of the village topography. The critical places selected from this inventory were then confirmed by historical and recent records of urban flooding events. The results show that there are two main contributory areas that deliver around 192 m3/s, in 1 h and 45 min, for a return period of 10 years. The values of precipitation related with flood events show that there are four different scenarios: rapid peaks (I), gradual peaks (II), spaced peaks (III) and a mixed situation between the first two situations (IV). The runoff survey reveals a significant slope for most of the streets, which promotes a rapid concentration of runoff in the ponds. The exposed elements identified are located precisely in the old alluvial plain, where the Arda River flowed freely until the 1950s. These results show how rapid urbanisation of a traditional rural area contributes towards the occurrence and the increasing number of flood events.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Arouca municipality for all cartographic and hydrological data shared. To the Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) we are grateful for sharing precipitation data (2002–2011). This paper was partially financed by FEDER-EU COMPETE Funds and Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, FCT (CEGOT: PEst-OE/SADG/UI4084). We acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments that helped to improve the focus of the manuscript. We are grateful to Pedro Silva for their suggestions and comments to improve the readability of the original manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Geografia, Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (CEGOT), Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    I. Marafuz & A. Gomes

  2. Câmara Municipal de Arouca, Arouca, Portugal

    C. Rodrigues

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  1. I. Marafuz
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  3. A. Gomes
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Correspondence to I. Marafuz.

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Marafuz, I., Rodrigues, C. & Gomes, A. Analysis and assessment of urban flash floods on areas with limited available altimetry data (Arouca, NW Portugal): a methodological approach. Environ Earth Sci 73, 2937–2949 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3943-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3943-9

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