Abstract
The background oriented schlieren (BOS) method is applied for visualization of gas flows. This method allows you to get not only quality, but also quantitative information about the investigated object, such, for example, as temperature of gas medium. The features of using the BOS method for determining the gas temperature of small axisymmetric plasma objects are considered. The BOS method is easy to implement compared to the classical schlieren method. Using the example of discharge with liquid non-metallic electrodes, the requirements for measurement accuracy and spatial resolution are determined. A method for calculating the temperature based on data obtained using BOS is described. The calculation method was checked using a test object. A possible processing error was found and its cause was shown. Another method of image processing that reduces the error is proposed.
Graphic abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
Available.
Code availability
Available.
References
Allen E, Triantaphillidou S (2012) The manual of photography and digital imaging. Focal Press, Waltham
Andre P, Barinov Y, Faure G, Kaplan V, Lefort A, Shkol’nik S, Vacher D (2001) Experimental study of discharge with liquid non-metallic (tap-water) electrodes in air at atmospheric pressure. J Phys D Appl Phys 34(24):3456–3465
Andre P, Barinov YA, Faure G, Shkol’nik SM (2011) Experimental investigations of emission spectrum of a discharge with two liquid non-metallic (tap-water) electrodes in air at atmospheric pressure. J Phys D Appl Phys 44(37):375202. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/37/375202
Barinov YA (2019) A new method of processing background oriented schlieren images. Tech Phys Lett 45(6):632–634. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106378501906021X
Barinov YA, Shkol’nik SM (2019) Discharge with a liquid nonmetallic cathode (tap water) in atmospheric-pressure air flow. Tech Phys 61(11):1760–1763. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063784216110049
Bruggeman PJ, Sadeghi N, Schram DC, Linss V (2014) Gas temperature determination from rotational lines in non-equilibrium plasmas: a review. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 23(2):023001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/23/2/023001
Chehouani H, El Fagrich M (2013) Adaptation of the Fourier–Hankel method for deflection tomographic reconstruction of axisymmetric field. Appl Opt 52(3):439. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.000439
Dasch CJ (1992) One-dimensional tomography: a comparison of abel, onion-peeling, and filtered backprojection methods. Appl Opt 31(8):1146. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.31.001146
Douglas NG, Falconer IS, Lowke JJ (1982) An interferometric measurement of gas temperatures in corona discharges. J Phys D Appl Phys 15(4):665–668. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/15/4/018
Gojani AB, Kamishi B, Obayashi S (2013) Measurement sensitivity and resolution for background oriented schlieren during image recording. J Vis 16(3):201–207
Hunter AM (1975) Refraction diagnostics for axisymmetric media. PhD thesis, The Ohio State University
Korotkikh II, Malakhov YI, Kuchmenko AV (2019) Investigation of temperature field of weakly ionized gas jet by the background oriented schlieren method. J Phys Conf Ser 1421:012007
Moumen A, Grossen J, Ndindabahizi I, Gallant J, Hendrick P (2020) Visualization and analysis of muzzle flow fields using the background-oriented schlieren technique. J Vis 23(3):409–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-020-00639-w
Ochkin VN (2009) Spectroscopy of low temperature plasma. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527627509
Perez F, Granger BE (2007) IPython: a system for interactive scientific computing. Comput Sci Eng 9(3):21–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.53
Raffel M (ed) (2007) Particle image velocimetry: a practical guide, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin
Raffel M (2015) Background-oriented schlieren (BOS) techniques. Exp Fluids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-015-1927-5
Richard H, Raffel M (2001) Principle and applications of the background oriented schlieren (BOS) method. Meas Sci Technol 12(9):1576–1585. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/12/9/325
Settles GS, Hargather MJ (2017) A review of recent developments in schlieren and shadowgraph techniques. Meas Sci Technol 28(4):042001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa5748
Thielicke W, Stamhuis EJ (2019) Pivlab—time-resolved digital particle image velocimetry tool for matlab. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1092508.v19
Traldi E, Boselli M, Simoncelli E, Stancampiano A, Gherardi M, Colombo V, Settles GS (2018) Schlieren imaging: a powerful tool for atmospheric plasma diagnostic. EPJ Tech Instrum. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjti/s40485-018-0045-1
Funding
Ioffe Institute.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author has no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barinov, Y.A. Features of the background oriented schlieren method for studying small axisymmetric plasma objects. J Vis 24, 1131–1139 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-021-00763-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-021-00763-1