[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Optimization of the injection with a twin-fluid atomizer for suspension plasma spray process using three non-intrusive diagnostic tools

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Visualization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Suspension injection is a crucial point for suspension plasma spray, an emerging coating process. It must satisfy several requirements such as stability, reproducibility, high yield of suspension particles penetrating the plasma core. Indeed, the particles should follow a proper trajectory inside the plasma in order to be well treated and accelerated. Thus, the quality of the injection has a direct effect on the coating microstructure, therefore on the properties. This study focuses on the three-step characterization of a twin-fluid atomizer, without and within the plasma. While varying gas or suspension flow rates, the spray was firstly observed thanks to a shadowgraphy system. This system uses a short-pulsed diode laser in a back illumination configuration and a robust image processing software, allowing the detection of suspension droplets, even within a high emissive plasma. Secondly, droplet size measurements were performed via laser diffraction. Thirdly, droplet velocities were measured using a particle image velocimetry system. The combination of the results obtained by these techniques helped us to understand how gas and suspension flow rates impact on droplets size and velocity distributions and finally how one could select the best injection conditions. The injector characterization was completed by coating manufacturing and microstructure analysis.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adrian R-J (1991) Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 23:261–304. doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.001401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertolissi G, Chazelas C, Bolelli G, Lusvarghi L, Vardelle M, Vardelle A (2012) Engineering the microstructure of solution precursor plasma-sprayed coatings. J Therm Spray Technol 21:1148–1162. doi:10.1007/s11666-012-9789-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coudert J-F, Rat V (2010) The role of torch instabilities in the suspension plasma spraying process. Surf Coat Technol 205:949–953. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delbos C (2004) Contribution à la compréhension de l’injection par voie liquide de céramiques (Y.S.Z., Pérovskite,…) ou métaux (Ni,…) dans un plasma d’arc soufflé afin d’élaborer des dépôts finement structurés pour S.O.F.Cs. Dissertation, Université de Limoges

  • Delbos C, Fazilleau J, Rat V, Coudert J, Fauchais P, Pateyron B (2006) Phenomena involved in suspension plasma spraying part 2: zirconia particle treatment and coating formation. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 26:393–414. doi:10.1007/s11090-006-9020-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etchart-Salas R (2007) Projection par plasma d’arc de particules submicroniques en suspension. Approche expérimentale et analytique des phénomènes impliqués dans la reproductibilité et la qualité des dépôts. Dissertation, Université de Limoges

  • Fauchais P (2004) Understanding plasma spraying. J Phys D Appl Phys 37:86–108. doi:10.1109/TPS.2005.845094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fauchais P, Montavon G (2009) Latest developments in suspension and liquid precursor thermal spraying. J Therm Spray Technol 19:226–239. doi:10.1007/s11666-009-9446-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fauchais P, Etchart-Salas R, Rat V, Coudert J, Caron N, Wittmann-Ténèze K (2008) Parameters controlling liquid plasma spraying: solutions, sols, or suspensions. J Therm Spray Technol 17:31–59. doi:10.1007/s11666-007-9152-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fazilleau J (2003) Contribution à la compréhension des phénomènes impliqués dans la réalisation de dépôts finement structurés d’oxydes par projection de suspensions par plasma. Dissertation, Université de Limoges

  • Fazilleau J, Delbos C, Rat V, Coudert J, Fauchais P, Pateyron B (2006) Phenomena involved in suspension plasma spraying part 1: suspension injection and behavior. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 26:371–391. doi:10.1007/s11090-006-9019-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gell M (1995) Application opportunities for nanostructured materials and coatings. Mater Sci and Eng A 204:246–251. doi:10.1016/0921-5093(95)09969-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heimann R (2008) Plasma spray coating: principles and applications. Wiley, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Karthikeyan J, Berndt C, Tikkanen J, Reddy S, Herman H (1997) Plasma spray synthesis of nanomaterial powders and deposits. Mater Sci Eng, A 238:275–286. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(96)10568-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kassner H, Siegert R, Hathiramani D, Vassen R, Stoever D (2007) Application of suspension plasma spraying (SPS) for manufacture of ceramic coatings. J Therm Spray Technol 17:115–123. doi:10.1007/s11666-007-9144-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khatim O, Planche M-P, Dembinski L, Bailly Y, Coddet C (2010) Processing parameter effect on the splat diameters of the droplets produced by liquid metal atomization using De Laval nozzle. Surf Coat Technol 205:1171–1175. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre AH (1989) Atomizations and sprays. CRC Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchand O (2010) Etude du procédé de projection plasma de suspensions pour l’élaboration du coeur de pile à combustible SOFC. Dissertation, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard

  • Marchand O, Girardot L, Planche M-P, Bertrand P, Bailly Y, Bertrand G (2011) An insight into suspension plasma spray: injection of the suspension and its interaction with the plasma flow. J Therm Spray Technol 20:1310–1320. doi:10.1007/s11666-011-9682-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melling A (1997) Tracer particles and seeding for particle image velocimetry. Meas Sci Technol 8:1406–1416. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/8/12/005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk A, Cetegen B (2005) Experiments on ceramic formation from liquid precursor spray axially injected into an oxy-acetylene flame. Acta Mater 53:5203–5211. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2005.08.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlowski L (1995) The science and engineering of thermal spray coatings. Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlowski L (2009) Suspension and solution thermal spray coatings. Surf Coat Technol 203:2807–2829. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.03.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pilch M, Erdman CA (1987) Use of breakup time data and velocity history data to predict the maximum size of stable fragments for acceleration-induced breakup of a liquid drop. Int J Multiph Flow 13:741–757. doi:10.1016/0301-9322(87)90063-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Planche M-P, Bolot R, Coddet C (2003) In-flight characteristics of plasma sprayed alumina particles: measurements, modeling, and comparison. J Therm Spray Technol 12:101–111. doi:10.1361/105996303770348555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raffel M, Willert C-E, Kompenhans J (1998) Particle image velocimetry—a practical guide. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rampon R, Filiatre C, Bertrand G (2007) Suspension plasma spraying of YPSZ coatings: suspension atomization and injection. J Therm Spray Technol 17:105–114. doi:10.1007/s11666-007-9143-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soysal D, Ansar A (2013) A new approach to understand liquid injection into atmospheric plasma jets. Surf Coat Technol 220:187–190. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.12.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toma F-L, Berger L, Jacquet D, Wicky D, Villaluenga I, de Miguel Y, Lindeløv J (2009) Comparative study on the photocatalytic behaviour of titanium oxide thermal sprayed coatings from powders and suspensions. Surf Coat Technol 203:2150–2156. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.10.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vert R, Chicot D, Dublanche-Tixier C, Meillot E, Vardelle A, Mariaux G (2010) Adhesion of YSZ suspension plasma-sprayed coating on smooth and thin substrates. Surf Coat Technol 205:999–1003. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.07.090

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRTES-LERMPS, UTBM, 90010, Belfort Cedex, France

    E. Aubignat, M. P. Planche & G. Montavon

  2. Saint-Gobain Coating Solutions, 84000, Avignon, France

    D. Billieres

  3. Saint-Gobain C.R.E.E., 84300, Cavaillon, France

    A. Allimant

  4. Institut FEMTO-ST, UMR 6174, CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, 90000, Belfort, France

    L. Girardot & Y. Bailly

Authors
  1. E. Aubignat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. P. Planche
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. Billieres
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Allimant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. L. Girardot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Y. Bailly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. G. Montavon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Aubignat.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aubignat, E., Planche, M.P., Billieres, D. et al. Optimization of the injection with a twin-fluid atomizer for suspension plasma spray process using three non-intrusive diagnostic tools. J Vis 19, 21–36 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-015-0281-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-015-0281-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation