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Molecular mechanism of the suppression of larval skeleton by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in early development of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus

  • Original Article
  • Environment
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including benz[a]anthracene (BaA) are priority pollutants in the aquatic environment. Our previous study revealed that BaA and its metabolite, 4-monohydroxylated BaA (4-OHBaA) inhibit larval skeletogenesis in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Here we report studies to elucidate the target of skeletogenesis inhibition elicited by BaA and 4-OHBaA. First, we performed an in vitro experiment using isolated micromeres which give rise to the larval skeletogenic mesenchyme. However, skeletogenesis was not repressed by BaA and 4-OHBaA, implying that these chemicals indirectly influence on the formation of larval skeleton. Next, we analyzed their influence in vivo using embryos. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that is expressed in the ectoderm and induces spicule formation was inhibited by BaA and 4-OHBaA treatment. These chemicals also suppressed the expression of the heparan sulfate 6-O endosulfatase (Sulf) known as a VEGF signaling modulator. We, therefore, propose that BaA and 4-OHBaA effects on larval skeletogenesis via VEGF signaling. Furthermore, we showed that the expression of Endo16 mRNA, an endodermal marker, decreased after BaA and 4-OHBaA exposure, suggesting that these chemicals affect endodermal function together with skeletogenesis. This study demonstrates that BaA and 4-OHBaA exert multiple detrimental effects on the development of H. pulcherrimus.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grant to T.S., K.H., and N.S. (Program for Advancing Strategic International Networks to Accelerate the Circulation of Talented Researchers no. G2702 by JSPS). Grants to T. S. (Scientific Research [C] no. 18K06312 by JSPS) and to N.S. (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research [C] no. 16K07871 by JSPS) partially support this investigation. This study was conducted as part of the cooperative research program of Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University <Accept no. 17021>.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan

    Toshio Sekiguchi, Koji Yachiguchi, Shouzo Ogiso & Nobuo Suzuki

  2. Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Tateyama, Chiba, 294-0301, Japan

    Masato Kiyomoto

  3. Department of Animal Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan

    Shuichi Wada

  4. Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan

    Yoshiaki Tabuchi

  5. Research and Business Foundation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-791, Republic of Korea

    Chun-Sang Hong

  6. Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273-009, India

    Ajai K. Srivastav

  7. Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Stephen D. J. Archer & Stephen B. Pointing

  8. Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, 10 College Avenue West, Saga-RC1 01-05C, Singapore, 138609, Singapore

    Stephen B. Pointing

  9. Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan

    Kazuichi Hayakawa

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  1. Toshio Sekiguchi
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  2. Koji Yachiguchi
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  3. Masato Kiyomoto
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  4. Shouzo Ogiso
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  6. Yoshiaki Tabuchi
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  7. Chun-Sang Hong
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  8. Ajai K. Srivastav
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  9. Stephen D. J. Archer
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  11. Kazuichi Hayakawa
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  12. Nobuo Suzuki
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Correspondence to Nobuo Suzuki.

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Sekiguchi, T., Yachiguchi, K., Kiyomoto, M. et al. Molecular mechanism of the suppression of larval skeleton by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in early development of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Fish Sci 84, 1073–1079 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-018-1245-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-018-1245-y

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