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A virtual globe-based integration and visualization framework for aboveground and underground 3D spatial objects

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Abstract

The construction of a large-scale integrated information system has been a hot issue in the field of geoinformatics. It aims to integrate aboveground and underground spatial information and objects in a unified visual environment. Virtual globe, as the most commonly used technology in the construction of Digital Earth, can provide a platform and framework for the integration and visualization of worldwide spatial objects and models. However, the existing works mainly focused on terrains and aboveground spatial entities, and there is still little research on the integration and visualization of large-scale underground geological models and entities in a virtual globe. In this work, the data organizations of aboveground and underground 3D spatial objects were analyzed in detail according to the technical characteristics of the virtual globe. Improved strategies were proposed to achieve the integrated visualization of aboveground and underground 3D spatial objects in a virtual globe-based spherical coordinate. In this process, the terrain surface based on Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) was used as an intermediate layer to unify the spatial coordinate system. An improved scene cutting approach was used to overcome the challenge that underground geological structures cannot be integrated and visualized with aboveground spatial entities, terrains and landforms. Finally, we developed a virtual globe-based prototype system using OpenSceneGraph (OSG) and osgEarth as the 3D visualization engine. The aboveground and underground spatial models of Fuzhou, a coastal city of eastern China, were applied in this system to verify the validity of the strategies proposed in this paper. In addition, the efficiency of this system in terms of scheduling and visualizing was tested by using the massive models of Fuzhou.

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Notes

  1. Google Earth: http://www.google.com/earth/

  2. NASA World Wind: http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov

  3. Microsoft Virtual Earth: http://map.live.com

  4. ArcGIS Explorer: http://resource.esri.com/arcgisexplorer

  5. osgEarth: http://osgearth.org/

  6. GeoGlobe: http://www.geostar.com.cn/Eng/Software/GeoGolobe.shtml

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Professor Babaie and anonymous reviewers for the insightful comments and suggestions which led to the improvements in the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China (U1711267, 41172300) and the National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program) (2012AA121401).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Qiyu Chen, Gang Liu, Zhong Yao, Yiping Tian & Hongling Wang

  2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Qiyu Chen, Gang Liu & Yiping Tian

  3. Department of Computer Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1010, Moscow, ID 83844-1010, USA

    Xiaogang Ma

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  1. Qiyu Chen
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  2. Gang Liu
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Correspondence to Gang Liu.

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Communicated by: H. A. Babaie

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Chen, Q., Liu, G., Ma, X. et al. A virtual globe-based integration and visualization framework for aboveground and underground 3D spatial objects. Earth Sci Inform 11, 591–603 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-018-0350-x

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