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Tumor budding and human chorionic gonadotropin-β expression correlate with unfavorable patient outcome in colorectal carcinoma

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Abstract

Tumor budding is thought to represent a manifestation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it has been correlated with poor patient outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). Our group recently demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotropin-β (hCGβ) modulates EMT in CRC. In the current study, based on the likely relationships between tumor budding and hCGβ expression, we examined their clinicopathologic significance in CRC. Twenty-eight of 80 (35.0%) CRC showed tumor budding. Tumor budding significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), pathologic stage (P < 0.01), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.044), and vascular invasion (P = 0.013). Thirteen of 80 (16.3%) CRC were hCGβ positive on immunohistochemistry. More tumor buds were present in the hCGβ-positive cases (P < 0.01), and tumor budding was significantly correlated with hCGβ positivity (P < 0.01). Cases with both tumor budding and hCGβ expression had the poorest prognosis compared with all other groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, tumor budding and hCGβ expression are closely associated with EMT, and they are independent prognostic factors in CRC. They identify patients with an “EMT phenotype” who may respond to targeted molecular therapies.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the members of the Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, for helpful discussions.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Yuji Konishi and Futoshi Kawamata are co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 14, Nishi 7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan

    Yuji Konishi, Futoshi Kawamata, Shigenori Homma, Takahiro Einama, Tadashi Yoshida, Akihisa Nagatsu, Hideki Kawamura, Toshiya Kamiyama & Akinobu Taketomi

  2. Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroshi Nishihara & Yasutaka Kato

  3. Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

    Masumi Tsuda, Mishie Tanino & Shinya Tanaka

  4. Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Shinji Kohsaka

  5. Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

    Cheng Liu

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  1. Yuji Konishi
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Correspondence to Futoshi Kawamata.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standard of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Konishi, Y., Kawamata, F., Nishihara, H. et al. Tumor budding and human chorionic gonadotropin-β expression correlate with unfavorable patient outcome in colorectal carcinoma. Med Oncol 35, 104 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-018-1164-x

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