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Human Health Risks Derived from Dietary Exposure to Toxic Metals in Catalonia, Spain: Temporal Trend

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Abstract

The present study was aimed at estimating the current (2012) dietary intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) by the population of Catalonia, Spain. The temporal trends with respect to previous surveys, performed in 2000, 2005, and 2008, were also determined. For that purpose, metal concentrations were analyzed in a number of widely consumed foodstuffs. A speciation study was also conducted by experimentally determining the levels of inorganic As (InAs) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the same food items. Furthermore, the dietary intake of those metals and species was calculated both deterministically and probabilistically by considering two food consumption surveys: ENCAT and ENIDE, representative of the Catalan and Spanish populations, respectively. An important temporal decrease of the dietary intake was noted for most elements, irrespective of the age-gender population group. Considering data for a male adult, the current dietary intake of As, InAs, Cd, Hg, MeHg, and Pb was estimated in 216, 2.6, 8.7, 10, 7.3, and 8.4 μg/day, respectively, being these values lower than the respective provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWIs) or benchmark dose lower confidence limits (BMDLs). Moreover, new calculations by means of ENIDE survey indicated similar results to those previously obtained by ENCAT, with the exception of MeHg, whose intake exceeded the maximum recommended values for some part of the population. Although our data are similar to those frequently found in other European countries, the important intake of MeHg, which is linked to the high consumption of fish and shellfish, deserves further investigation.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this study was provided by the Catalan Food Safety Agency, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The probabilistic study by MCRA tool received funding from the EC 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 289108 (Total Diet Study Exposure). The authors acknowledge Josep Calderón and Gloria Vila, from the Laboratory of the Public Health Agency of Barcelona, for their valuable help in the analysis, and Emilio Vicente, from the Catalan Food Safety Agency, for his assistance in data treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain

    Gemma Perelló, Martí Nadal & José L. Domingo

  2. GRET-CERETOX, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Juan M. Llobet & Jesús Gómez-Catalán

  3. Catalan Food Safety Agency, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Victòria Castell

  4. ASPB Laboratory (Public Health Agency of Barcelona), Av. Drassanes 13, 08001, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Francesc Centrich

Authors
  1. Gemma Perelló
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  2. Juan M. Llobet
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  3. Jesús Gómez-Catalán
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  4. Victòria Castell
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  5. Francesc Centrich
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  6. Martí Nadal
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  7. José L. Domingo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martí Nadal.

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Perelló, G., Llobet, J.M., Gómez-Catalán, J. et al. Human Health Risks Derived from Dietary Exposure to Toxic Metals in Catalonia, Spain: Temporal Trend. Biol Trace Elem Res 162, 26–37 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0138-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0138-x

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