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Cercarial Dermatitis, a Neglected Allergic Disease

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Abstract

Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a common non-communicable water-borne disease. It is caused by penetration of the skin by larvae (cercariae) of schistosomatid flukes and develops as a maculopapular skin eruption after repeated contacts with the parasites. The number of outbreaks of the disease is increasing, and cercarial dermatitis can therefore be considered as an emerging problem. Swimmer's itch is mostly associated with larvae of the bird schistosomes of Trichobilharzia spp. Recent results have shown that mammalian infections (including man) manifest themselves as an allergic reaction which is able to trap and eliminate parasites in the skin. Studies on mammals experimentally infected by bird schistosome cercariae revealed, however, that during primary infection, parasites are able to escape from the skin to the lungs or central nervous system. This review covers basic information on detection of the infectious agents in the field and the clinical course of the disease, including other pathologies which may develop after infection by cercariae, and diagnosis of the disease.

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Acknowledgments

The studies of LK, HM and PH were financially supported by Charles University in Prague (research programmes PRVOUK-P25/LF1/2 and P41/PrFUK, and UNCE-grant no. 204017) and the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health (IGA MZ CR NT 13108-4/2012). KS research was provided by the Research Fund of the University of Iceland and the Jules Verne Program for French–Icelandic scientific cooperation. The work of PH was also supported by Czech Science Foundation (grant no. P502/11/1621).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Libuše Kolářová & Helena Marečková

  2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Petr Horák

  3. Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Karl Skírnisson

  4. School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Michael Doenhoff

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  1. Libuše Kolářová
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  2. Petr Horák
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  3. Karl Skírnisson
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  4. Helena Marečková
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  5. Michael Doenhoff
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Correspondence to Libuše Kolářová.

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Kolářová, L., Horák, P., Skírnisson, K. et al. Cercarial Dermatitis, a Neglected Allergic Disease. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 45, 63–74 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-012-8334-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-012-8334-y

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