[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Food Packaging Applications

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Food and Bioprocess Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an inorganic compound widely used in everyday applications. ZnO is currently listed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) material by the Food and Drug Administration and is used as food additive. The advent of nanotechnology has led the development of materials with new properties for use as antimicrobial agents. Thus, ZnO in nanoscale has shown antimicrobial properties and potential applications in food preservation. ZnO nanoparticles have been incorporated in polymeric matrices in order to provide antimicrobial activity to the packaging material and improve packaging properties. This review presents the main synthesis methods of ZnO nanoparticles, principal characteristics and mechanisms of antimicrobial action as well as the effect of their incorporation in polymeric matrices. Safety issues such as exposure routes and migration studies are also discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, L. K., Lyon, D. Y., & Alvarez, P. J. J. (2006). Comparative eco-toxicity of nanoscale TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO water suspensions. Water Research, 40(19), 3527–3532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aghababazadeh, R., Mazinani, B., Mirhabibi, A., & Tamizifar, M. (2006). ZnO nanoparticles synthesised by mechanochemical processing. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 26(1), 312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahvenainen, R. (Ed.). (2003). Novel food packaging techniques. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajayan, P. M., Schadler, L. S., & Braun, P. V. (Eds.). (2003). Nanocomposite science and technology. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Peral, F. J., Zaragoza, O., Pedreno, Y., & Argüelles, J.-C. (2002). Protective role of trehalose during severe oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and the adaptive oxidative stress response in Candida albicans. Microbiology, 148(8), 2599–2606.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ao, W., Li, J., Yang, H., Zeng, X., & Ma, X. (2006). Mechanochemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanocrystalline. Powder Technology, 168(3), 148–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appendini, P., & Hotchkiss, J. H. (1997). Immobilization of lysozyme on food contact polymers as potential antimicrobial films. Packaging Technology and Science, 10(5), 271–279.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Applerot, G., Lipovsky, A., Dror, R., Perkas, N., Nitzan, Y., Lubart, R., & Gedanken, A. (2009). Enhanced antibacterial activity of nanocrystalline ZnO due to increased ROS-mediated cell injury. Advanced Functional Materials, 19(6), 842–852.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Applerot, G., Perkas, N., Amirian, G., Girshevitz, O., & Gedanken, A. (2009). Coating of glass with ZnO via ultrasonic irradiation and a study of its antibacterial properties. Applied Surface Science, 256(3), S3–S8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arora, A., & Padua, G. W. (2010). Review: nanocomposites in food packaging. Journal of Food Science, 75(1), R43–R49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhadra, P., Mitra, M. K., Das, G. C., Dey, R., & Mukherjee, S. (2011). Interaction of chitosan capped ZnO nanorods with Escherichia coli. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 31(5), 929–937.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley EL, Castle L & Chaudhry Q (2011) Applications of nanomaterials in food packaging with a consideration of opportunities for developing countries. Trends in Food Science & Technology, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.01.002

  • Brayner, R., Ferrari-Iliou, R., Brivois, N., Djediat, S., Benedetti, M. F., & Fiévet, F. (2006). Toxicological impact studies based on Escherichia coli bacteria in ultrafine ZnO nanoparticles colloidal medium. Nano Letters, 6(4), 866–870.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casey, P. (2006). Nanoparticle technologies and applications. In R. H. J. Hannink & A. J. Hill (Eds.), Nanostructure control of materials (pp. 1–27). Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • CDC (2011) 2011 Estimates of foodborne illness in the United States. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/Features/dsFoodborneEstimates/. Accessed 6 May 2011.

  • Chaudhry, Q., Scotter, M., Blackburn, J., Ross, B., Boxall, A., Castle, L., Aitken, R., & Watkins, R. (2008). Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 25(3), 241–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, J. W., & Paul, D. R. (2001). Nylon 6 nanocomposites by melt compounding. Polymer, 42(3), 1083–1094.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cioffi, N., Torsi, L., Ditaranto, N., Tantillo, G., Ghibelli, L., Sabbatini, L., Bleve-Zacheo, T., D'Alessio, M., Zambonin, P. G., & Traversa, E. (2005). Copper nanoparticle/polymer composites with antifungal and bacteriostatic properties. Chemistry of Materials, 17(21), 5255–5262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Berardis, B., Civitelli, G., Condello, M., Lista, P., Pozzi, R., Arancia, G., & Meschini, S. (2010). Exposure to ZnO nanoparticles induces oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human colon carcinoma cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 246(3), 116–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devirgiliis, C., Murgia, C., Danscher, G., & Perozzi, G. (2004). Exchangeable zinc ions transiently accumulate in a vesicular compartment in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 323(1), 58–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emamifar, A., Kadivar, M., Shahedi, M., & Soleimanian-Zad, S. (2010). Evaluation of nanocomposite packaging containing Ag and ZnO on shelf life of fresh orange juice. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 11(4), 742–748.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emamifar, A., Kadivar, M., Shahedi, M., & Soleimanian-Zad, S. (2011). Effect of nanocomposite packaging containing Ag and ZnO on inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum in orange juice. Food Control, 22(3–4), 408–413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epand, R. M., & Epand, R. F. (2009). Lipid domains in bacterial membranes and the action of antimicrobial agents. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Biomembranes, 1788(1), 289–294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eskandari, M., Haghighi, N., Ahmadi, V., Haghighi, F., & Mohammadi, S. R. (2011). Growth and investigation of antifungal properties of ZnO nanorod arrays on the glass. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 406(1), 112–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FDA (2011) Part 182—substances generally recognized as safe. Food and drug administration, Washington DC, USA. Available at: http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=786bafc6f6343634fbf79fcdca7061e1&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1.13&idno=21#21:3.0.1.1.13.9. Accessed 28 March 2011.

  • Gálvez, A., Abriouel, H., López, R. L., & Omar, N. B. (2007). Bacteriocin-based strategies for food biopreservation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 120(1–2), 51–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghule, K., Ghule, A. V., Chen, B.-J., & Ling, Y.-C. (2006). Preparation and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles coated paper and its antibacterial activity study. Green Chemistry, 8(12), 1034–1041.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, T., Perlstein, B., Houbara, O., Felner, I., Banin, E., & Margel, S. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of zinc/iron oxide composite nanoparticles and their antibacterial properties. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 374(1–3), 1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, D., Wu, C., Jiang, H., Li, Q., Wang, X., & Chen, B. (2008). Synergistic cytotoxic effect of different sized ZnO nanoparticles and daunorubicin against leukemia cancer cells under UV irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 93(3), 119–126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, J. H. (2005). Antimicrobial packaging systems. In H. H. Jung (Ed.), Innovations in food packaging (pp. 80–107). London: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • He, L., Liu, Y., Mustapha, A., & Lin, M. (2011). Antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. Microbiological Research, 166(3), 207–215.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heng, B. C., Zhao, X., Xiong, S., Woei Ng, K., Yin-Chiang Boey, F., & Say-Chye Loo, J. (2010). Toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) is accentuated by oxidative stress. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(6), 1762–1766.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirota, K., Sugimoto, M., Kato, M., Tsukagoshi, K., Tanigawa, T., & Sugimoto, H. (2010). Preparation of zinc oxide ceramics with a sustainable antibacterial activity under dark conditions. Ceramics International, 36(2), 497–506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoskin, D. W., & Ramamoorthy, A. (2008). Studies on anticancer activities of antimicrobial peptides. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Biomembranes, 1778(2), 357–375.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, I. L., & Huang, Y.-J. (2011). Effects of various physicochemical characteristics on the toxicities of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles toward human lung epithelial cells. Science of the Total Environment, 409(7), 1219–1228.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C.-C., Aronstam, R. S., Chen, D.-R., & Huang, Y.-W. (2010). Oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and altered gene expression in human lung epithelial cells exposed to ZnO nanoparticles. Toxicology In Vitro, 24(1), 45–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hütter, G., & Sinha, P. (2001). Proteomics for studying cancer cells and the development of chemoresistance. Proteomics, 1(10), 1233–1248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jalal, R., Goharshadi, E. K., Abareshi, M., Moosavi, M., Yousefi, A., & Nancarrow, P. (2010). ZnO nanofluids: green synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 121(1–2), 198–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, W., Saxena, A., Song, B., Ward, B. B., Beveridge, T. J., & Myneni, S. C. B. (2004). Elucidation of functional groups on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial surfaces using infrared spectroscopy. Langmuir, 20(26), 11433–11442.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin, T., & Gurtler, J. B. (2011). Inactivation of Salmonella in liquid egg albumen by antimicrobial bottle coatings infused with allyl isothiocyanate, nisin and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 110(3), 704–712.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin, T., Sun, D., Su, J. Y., Zhang, H., & Sue, H. J. (2009). Antimicrobial efficacy of zinc oxide quantum dots against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Food Science, 74(1), M46–M52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, N., Ray, B., Ranjit, K. T., & Manna, A. C. (2008). Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle suspensions on a broad spectrum of microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 279(1), 71–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juzenas, P., Chen, W., Sun, Y.-P., Coelho, M. A. N., Generalov, R., Generalova, N., & Christensen, I. L. (2008). Quantum dots and nanoparticles for photodynamic and radiation therapies of cancer. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60(15), 1600–1614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasemets, K., Ivask, A., Dubourguier, H.-C., & Kahru, A. (2009). Toxicity of nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicology In Vitro, 23(6), 1116–1122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koo, J. (2006). Polymer nanocomposites: Processing, characterization, and application. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni, S. B., Patil, U. M., Salunkhe, R. R., Joshi, S. S., & Lokhande, C. D. (2011). Temperature impact on morphological evolution of ZnO and its consequent effect on physico-chemical properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509(8), 3486–3492.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepot, N., Van Bael, M.K., Van den Rul, H., D'Haen, J., Peeters, R., Franco, D., & Mullens, J. (2007). Synthesis of ZnO nanorods from aqueous solution. Materials Letters, 61(13), 2624–2627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepot, N., Van Bael, M. K., Van den Rul, H., D'Haen, J., Peeters, R., Franco, D., & Mullens, J. (2011). Influence of incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles and biaxial orientation on mechanical and oxygen barrier properties of polypropylene films for food packaging applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 120(3), 1616–1623.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J. H., Hong, R. Y., Li, M. Y., Li, H. Z., Zheng, Y., & Ding, J. (2009). Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of polyurethane coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 64(4), 504–509.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, J., Ng, K. M., & Yang, S. (2008). Efficient, one-step mechanochemical process for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 47(4), 1095–1101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nair, S., Sasidharan, A., Divya Rani, V., Menon, D., Nair, S., Manzoor, K., & Raina, S. (2009). Role of size scale of ZnO nanoparticles and microparticles on toxicity toward bacteria and osteoblast cancer cells. Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine, 20, 235–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nohynek, G. J., Antignac, E., Re, T., & Toutain, H. (2010). Safety assessment of personal care products/cosmetics and their ingredients. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 243(2), 239–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberdörster, G., Maynard, A., Donaldson, K., Castranova, V., Fitzpatrick, J., Ausman, K., Carter, J., Karn, B., Kreyling, W., Lai, D., Olin, S., Monteiro-Riviere, N., Warheit, D., & Yang, H. (2005). Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: elements of a screening strategy. Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2(8), 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohira, T., Yamamoto, O., Iida, Y., & Nakagawa, Z. (2008). Antibacterial activity of ZnO powder with crystallographic orientation. Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine, 19(3), 1407–1412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Özgür, Ü., Alivov, Y. I., Liu, C., Teke, A., Reshchikov, M. A., Doğan, S., Avrutin, V., Cho, S.-J., & Morkoç, H. (2005). A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(4), 041301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padmavathy, N., & Vijayaraghavan, R. (2008). Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 9(3), 035004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, V., Shaikh, A.J., Kathe, A.A., Bisoyi, D.K., Verma, A.K., & Vigneshwaran, N. (2010). Functional behaviour of paper coated with zinc oxide-soluble starch nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 210(14), 1962–1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Premanathan, M., Karthikeyan, K., Jeyasubramanian, K., & Manivannan, G. (2011). Selective toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles toward Gram-positive bacteria and cancer cells by apoptosis through lipid peroxidation. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 7(2), 184–192.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pujalté, I., Passagne, I., Brouillaud, B., Tréguer, M., Durand, E., Ohayon-Courtès, C., & L'azou, B. (2011). Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by different metallic nanoparticles on human kidney cells. Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 8(10), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai, M., Yadav, A., & Gade, A. (2009). Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnology Advances, 27(1), 76–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, K. M., Feris, K., Bell, J., Wingett, D. G., Hanley, C., & Punnoose, A. (2007). Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Applied Physics Letters, 90(21), 213902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Restuccia, D., Spizzirri, U. G., Parisi, O. I., Cirillo, G., Curcio, M., Iemma, F., Puoci, F., Vinci, G., & Picci, N. (2010). New EU regulation aspects and global market of active and intelligent packaging for food industry applications. Food Control, 21(11), 1425–1435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roco, M. C. (1999). Towards a US national nanotechnology initiative. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 1(4), 435–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roselli, M., Finamore, A., Garaguso, I., Britti, M. S., & Mengheri, E. (2003). Zinc oxide protects cultured enterocytes from the damage induced by Escherichia coli. Journal of Nutrition, 133(12), 4077–4082.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, A. D. (2003). Similarities and differences in the responses of microorganisms to biocides. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52(5), 750–763.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawai, J. (2003). Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activities of metallic oxide powders (ZnO, MgO and CaO) by conductimetric assay. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 54(2), 177–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawai, J., Kojima, H., Ishizu, N., Itoh, M., Igarashi, H., Sawaki, T., & Shimizu, M. (1997). Bactericidal action of magnesium oxide powder. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 67(1–4), 443–443.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawai, J., Shoji, S., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Kokugan, T., Shimizu, M., & Kojima, H. (1998). Hydrogen peroxide as an antibacterial factor in zinc oxide powder slurry. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 86(5), 521–522.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schirmer, B. C., Heiberg, R., Eie, T., Møretrø, T., Maugesten, T., Carlehøg, M., & Langsrud, S. (2009). A novel packaging method with a dissolving CO2 headspace combined with organic acids prolongs the shelf life of fresh salmon. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 133(1–2), 154–160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Mende, L., & MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. (2007). ZnO—nanostructures, defects, and devices. Materials Today, 10(5), 40–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seven, O., Dindar, B., Aydemir, S., Metin, D., Ozinel, M. A., & Icli, S. (2004). Solar photocatalytic disinfection of a group of bacteria and fungi aqueous suspensions with TiO2, ZnO and Sahara Desert dust. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 165(1–3), 103–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, L., Bao, N., Yanagisawa, K., Domen, K., Gupta, A., & Grimes, C. A. (2006). Direct synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by a solution-free mechanochemical reaction. Nanotechnology, 17(20), 5117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, L., Zhou, J., & Gunasekaran, S. (2008). Low temperature fabrication of ZnO—whey protein isolate nanocomposite. Materials Letters, 62(28), 4383–4385.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silvestre, C., Duraccio, D., & Cimmino, S. (2011). Food packaging based on polymer nanomaterials. Progress in Polymer Science, 36(12), 1766–1782.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simoncic, B., & Tomsic, B. (2010). Structures of novel antimicrobial agents for textiles—a review. Textile Research Journal, 80(16), 1721–1737.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares, N. F. F., Silva, C. A. S., Santiago-Silva, P., Espitia, P. J. P., Gonçalves, M. P. J. C., Lopez, M. J. G., Miltz, J., Cerqueira, M. A., Vicente, A. A., Teixeira, J., Silva, W. A., & Botrel, D. A. (2009). Active and intelligent packaging for milk and milk products. In J. S. R. Coimbra & J. A. Teixeira (Eds.), Engineering aspects of milk and dairy products (pp. 155–174). New York, USA: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonohara, R., Muramatsu, N., Ohshima, H., & Kondo, T. (1995). Difference in surface properties between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as revealed by electrophoretic mobility measurements. Biophysical Chemistry, 55(3), 273–277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrentino, A., Gorrasi, G., & Vittoria, V. (2007). Potential perspectives of bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 18(2), 84–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoimenov, P. K., Klinger, R. L., Marchin, G. L., & Klabunde, K. J. (2002). Metal oxide nanoparticles as bactericidal agents. Langmuir, 18(17), 6679–6686.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swihart, M. T. (2003). Vapor-phase synthesis of nanoparticles. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 8(1), 127–133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thostenson, E. T., Li, C., & Chou, T.-W. (2005). Nanocomposites in context. Composites Science and Technology, 65(3–4), 491–516.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi, P., & Dubey, N. K. (2004). Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 32(3), 235–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vicentini, D. S., Smania, A., Jr., & Laranjeira, M. C. M. (2010). Chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) films containing ZnO nanoparticles and plasticizers. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 30(4), 503–508.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H., Wick, R. L., & Xing, B. (2009). Toxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO, Al2O3 and TiO2 to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Environmental Pollution, 157(4), 1171–1177.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, Y., He, Y., Irwin, P. L., Jin, T., & Shi, X. (2011). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Campylobacter jejuni. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(7), 2325–2331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, O. (2001). Influence of particle size on the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide. International Journal of Inorganic Materials, 3(7), 643–646.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, R., Christensen, P. A., Egerton, T. A., & White, J. R. (2010). Degradation products formed during UV exposure of polyethylene-ZnO nano-composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95(9), 1533–1541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zak, A.K., Majid, W.H.A., Darroudi, M., & Yousefi, R. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles prepared in gelatin media. Materials Letters, 65(1), 70–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., Chen, B., Jiang, H., Wang, C., Wang, H., & Wang, X. (2011). A strategy for ZnO nanorod mediated multi-mode cancer treatment. Biomaterials, 32(7), 1906–1914.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Ding, Y., Povey, M., & York, D. (2008). ZnO nanofluids—a potential antibacterial agent. Progress in Natural Science, 18(8), 939–944.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Jiang, Y., Ding, Y., Povey, M., & York, D. (2007). Investigation into the antibacterial behaviour of suspensions of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO nanofluids). Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 9(3), 479–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank to Mr. Nicholas J. Walker for providing language help and writing assistance. Financial support for this research was provided by a doctoral scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and a grant from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Renato Souza Cruz

    Present address: Food Technology Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Campus, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahía, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs s/n, Campus, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Paula Judith Perez Espitia, Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares, Jane Sélia dos Reis Coimbra, Nélio José de Andrade & Eber Antonio Alves Medeiros

Authors
  1. Paula Judith Perez Espitia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jane Sélia dos Reis Coimbra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nélio José de Andrade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Renato Souza Cruz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Eber Antonio Alves Medeiros
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Espitia, P.J.P., Soares, N.F.F., Coimbra, J.S.R. et al. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Food Packaging Applications. Food Bioprocess Technol 5, 1447–1464 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0797-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0797-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation