Abstract
No-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA) uses only the test image for its quality assessment, and as video is essentially comprised of image frames with additional temporal dimension, video quality assessment (VQA) requires a thorough understanding of image quality assessment metrics and models. Therefore, in order to identify features that deteriorate video quality, a fundamental analysis of spatial and temporal artifacts with respect to individual video frames needs to be performed. Existing IQA and VQA metrics are primarily for capturing few distortions and hence may not be good for all types of images and videos. In this paper, we propose an NR-IQA model by combining existing three methods (namely NIQE, BRISQUE and BLIINDS-II) using multi-linear regression. We also present a holistic no-reference video quality assessment (NR-VQA) model by exploring quantification of certain distortions like ringing, frame difference, blocking, clipping and contrast in video frames. For the proposed NR-IQA model, the results represent improved performance as compared to the state-of-the-art methods and it requires very low fraction of samples for training to provide a consistent accuracy over different training-to-testing ratios. The performance of NR-VQA model is examined using a simple neural network model to attain high value of goodness of fit.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lin, W., Kuo, C.J.: Perceptual visual quality metrics: a survey. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 22(4), 297–312 (2011)
Gao, X., Lu, W., Tao, D., Li, X.: Image quality assessment and human visual system. Vis. Commun. Image Process. 7744, 77440Z-1–77440Z-10 (2010)
Kamble, V., Bhurchandi, K.M.: No-reference image quality assessment algorithms: a survey. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 126(11–12), 1090–1097 (2015)
Wang, T., Zhang, L., Jia, H.: An effective general-purpose NR-IQA model using natural scene statistics (NSS) of the luminance relative order. Sig. Process. Image Commun. 71, 100–109 (2019)
Gu, K., Zhou, J., Zhai, G., Lin, W., Bovik, A.C.: No-reference quality assessment of screen content pictures. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 26(8), 4005–4017 (2017)
Chen, M.J., Bovik, A.C.: No-reference image blur assessment using multiscale gradient. EURASIP J. Image Video Process. 1, 1–11 (2011)
Zhu, X., Milanfar, P.: A no-reference sharpness metric sensitive to blur and noise. In: International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, pp. 64–69 (2009)
Sazzad, Z.M.P., Kawayoke, Y., Horita, Y.: No-reference image quality assessment for JPEG2000 based on spatial features. Sig. Process. Image Commun. 23(4), 257–268 (2008)
Sheikh, H.R., Bovik, A.C., Cormack, L.K.: No-reference quality assessment using natural scene statistics: JPEG2000. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 14(11), 1918–1927 (2005)
Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Evans, B.L.: Blind measurement of blocking artifacts in images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 981–984 (2000)
Moorthy, A.K., Bovik, A.C.: A two-step framework for constructing blind image quality indices. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 17(5), 513–516 (2010)
Moorthy, A.K., Bovik, A.C.: Blind image quality assessment: from natural scene statistics to perceptual quality. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 20(12), 3350–3364 (2011)
Saad, M., Bovik, A.C., Charrier, C.: Blind image quality assessment: a natural scene statistics approach in the DCT domain. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(8), 3339–3352 (2012)
Mittal, A., Moorthy, A.K., Bovik, A.C.: No-reference image quality assessment in the spatial domain. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(12), 4695–4708 (2012)
Mittal, A., Soundararajan, R., Bovik, A.C.: Making a completely blind image quality analyzer. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 22(3), 209–212 (2013)
Bosse, S., Maniry, D., Muller, K.R., Wiegand, T., Samek, W.: Deep neural networks for no-reference and full-reference image quality assessment. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 27(1), 206–219 (2018)
Bianco, S., Celona, L., Napoletano, P., Schettini, R.: On the use of deep learning for blind image quality assessment. SIViP 12(2), 355–362 (2018)
Suthaharan, S.: Perceptual quality metric for digital video coding. IET Electron. Lett. 39(5), 431–433 (2003)
Muijs, R., Kirenko, I.: A no-reference blocking artifact measure for adaptive video processing. In: Proceedings of European Signal Processing Conference, pp. 1–4 (2005)
Ou, Y.F., Ma, Z., Liu, T., Wang, Y.: Perceptual quality assessment of video considering both frame rate and quantization artifacts. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 21(3), 286–298 (2011)
Ong, E.P., Wu, S., Loke, M.H., Rahardja, S., Tay, J., Tan, C.K., Huang, L.: Video quality monitoring of streamed videos. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1153–1156 (2009)
Keimel, C., Oelbaum, T., Diepold, K.: No-reference video quality evaluation for high-definition video. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1145–1148 (2009)
Saad, M.A., Bovik, A.C.: Blind quality assessment of videos using a model of natural scene statistics and motion coherency. In: IEEE Conference Record of the 46th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 332–336 (2012)
Li, X., Guo, Q., Lu, X.: Spatiotemporal statistics for video quality assessment. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 25(7), 3329–3342 (2016)
Zhang, Y., Gao, X., He, L., Lu, W., He, R.: Objective video quality assessment combining transfer learning with CNN. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2890310
Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Simoncelli, E.P.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600–612 (2004)
Wu, H.R., Yuen, M.: Generalized block-edge impairment metric (GBIM) for video coding. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 4(11), 317–320 (1997)
Turkowski, K.: Anti-aliasing through the use of coordinate transformations. ACM Trans. Graph. 1(3), 215–234 (1982)
Farrell, J.E., Benson, B.L., Haynie, C.R.: Predicting flicker thresholds for video display terminals. Proc. SID 28(4), 449–453 (1987)
Demuth, H., Beale, M.: Matlab Neural Network Toolbox User’s Guide Version 6. The MathWorks Inc., Natick (2009)
Sheikh, H.R., Sabir, M.F., Bovik, A.C.: A statistical evaluation of recent full reference image quality assessment algorithms. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(11), 3440–3451 (2006)
Seshadrinathan, K., Soundararajan, R., Bovik, A.C., Cormack, L.K.: Study of subjective and objective quality assessment of video. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 19(6), 1427–1441 (2010)
Moré, J.J.: The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm: implementation and theory. In: Watson, G.A. (eds.) Numerical Analysis. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 630, pp. 105–116. Springer, Berlin (1978)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rohil, M.K., Gupta, N. & Yadav, P. An improved model for no-reference image quality assessment and a no-reference video quality assessment model based on frame analysis. SIViP 14, 205–213 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01543-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01543-z