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Concept-Level Analysis and Design of Polyurea for Enhanced Blast-Mitigation Performance

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Abstract

Polyurea is an elastomeric co-polymer in which the presence of strong hydrogen bonding between chains gives rise to the formation of a nano-composite like microstructure consisting of discrete hard-domains distributed randomly within a compliant/soft matrix. Several experimental investigations reported in the open literature have indicated that the application of polyurea external coatings and/or internal linings can substantially improve ballistic penetration resistance and blast survivability of buildings, vehicles and laboratory/field test-plates. Recently, it was proposed that transition of polyurea between its rubbery state and its glassy state under high deformation-rate loading conditions is the main mechanism responsible for the improved ballistic-impact resistance of polyurea-coated structures. As far as the shock-mitigation performance of polyurea is concerned, additional/alternative mechanisms such as shock-impedance mismatch, shock-wave dispersion, fracture-mode conversion, and strain delocalization have been suggested (without validation). In this study, an attempt is made to identify the phenomena and processes within polyurea which are most likely responsible for the observed superior shock-mitigation performance of this material. Towards that end, computational methods and tools are used to investigate shockwave generation, propagation, dispersion, and transmission/reflection within polyurea and the adjoining material layers as present in the case of a blast-loaded assembly consisting of a head covered with a polyurea-augmented helmet. The results obtained show that for effective shock mitigation, the operation of volumetric energy-dissipating/energy-storing processes is required. Candidate processes of this type are identified and presented.

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Acknowledgments

The material presented in this article is based on study supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) research contract entitled “Elastomeric Polymer-By-Design to Protect the Warfighter Against Traumatic Brain Injury by Diverting the Blast Induced Shock Waves from the Head”, Contract Number 4036-CU-ONR-1125 as funded through the Pennsylvania State University. The authors are indebted to professors G. Settles and M. Hargather for stimulating discussions and friendship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, 241 Engineering Innovation Building, Clemson, SC, 29634-0921, USA

    M. Grujicic, B. P. d’Entremont & B. Pandurangan

  2. Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA

    J. Runt

  3. Applied Research Laboratories, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA

    J. Tarter & G. Dillon

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  1. M. Grujicic
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Correspondence to M. Grujicic.

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Grujicic, M., d’Entremont, B.P., Pandurangan, B. et al. Concept-Level Analysis and Design of Polyurea for Enhanced Blast-Mitigation Performance. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 21, 2024–2037 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0117-8

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