Abstract
Driven by the ever increasing demand in function integration, more and more next generation high value-added products, such as head-up displays, solar concentrators and intra-ocular-lens, etc., are designed to possess freeform (i.e., non-rotational symmetric) surfaces. The toolpath, composed of high density of short linear and circular segments, is generally used in computer numerical control (CNC) systems to machine those products. However, the discontinuity between toolpath segments leads to high-frequency fluctuation of feedrate and acceleration, which will decrease the machining efficiency and product surface finish. Driven by the ever-increasing need for high-speed high-precision machining of those products, many novel toolpath interpolation and smoothing approaches have been proposed in both academia and industry, aiming to alleviate the issues caused by the conventional toolpath representation and interpolation methods. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art toolpath interpolation and smoothing approaches with systematic classifications. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed. Possible future research directions are also offered.
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The authors acknowledge the support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under the program (No. EP/K018345/1) and the International Cooperation Program of China (No. 2015DFA70630).
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Wen-Bin Zhong received the Ph.D. degree in ultra precision machining from the University of Strathclyde, UK in 2018. He is currently a research fellow at the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Future Metrology Hub, the University of Huddersfield, UK.
His research interests include ultra precision machining technologies, computer numerical control, on-machine metrology and system integration of complex machine tools.
Xi-Chun Luo received the Ph.D. degree in ultra precision manufacturing at Harbin Institute of Technology, China in 2002. He is a professor in ultra precision manufacturing and technical director of Centre for Precision Manufacturing at the University of Strathclyde, UK. He is a Fellow of the International Society for Nanomanufacturing.
His research interests include ultra precision machining brittle materials, freeform machining, precision motion control, hybrid micromachining and nanomanufacturing.
Wen-Long Chang received the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering at Heriot-Watt University (2012) where he initiated a novel hybrid micromachining approach with the award of a prestigious Scottish Overseas Research Studentship. Currently he is an EPSRC and Horizon 2020 Postdoc Research Associate within the Centre for Precision Manufacturing at DMEM, University of Strathclyde, UK.
His research interests include micro-precision machining technologies, short pulse laser machining, laser assisted micro machining, machine tool design and system integration.
Yu-Kui Cai received the B.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China in 2011, the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Shandong University, China in 2016. He is a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Early Stage Research Fellow in the Centre for Precision Manufacturing at the University of Strathclyde, UK. He has already published more than 30 papers in related fields. He is a member of EUSPEN (European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology) and IMAPS (International Microelectronics Assembly & Packaging Society).
His research interests lie in the area of microfluidic, micromachining and laser machining, ranging from theory to design and implementation.
Fei Ding received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in mechanical engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology, China in 2013 and 2015, respectively. He is currently a Ph.D. degree candidate in mechanical engineering at University of Strathclyde, UK.
His research interests include ultra-precision machine tool design and precision motion control.
Hai-Tao Liu received the Ph. D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Harbin Institute of Technology, China in 2010. He is currently an associate professor in the Harbin Institute of Technology, China.
His research interests include micro machining technology and equipment, ultra-precision machining mechanism, machining technology and equipment, ultra-clean manufacturing, laser incremental manufacturing.
Ya-Zhou Sun received the Ph.D. degree in ultra-precision machining from Harbin Institute of Technology, China in 2005. He is currently a professor at the School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, China.
His research interests include ultraprecision machining technologies and ultra-precision machine design.
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Zhong, WB., Luo, XC., Chang, WL. et al. Toolpath Interpolation and Smoothing for Computer Numerical Control Machining of Freeform Surfaces: A Review. Int. J. Autom. Comput. 17, 1–16 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-019-1190-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-019-1190-y