Abstract
Li3V2-xMnx(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.1) cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion hybrid batteries (AZHBs) have been synthesized by freeze-drying-assisted sol–gel method. The effects of Mn2+ dopping content on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the samples were investigated. XRD results indicated that the Li3V2-xMnx(PO4)3 products belong to the Li3V2(PO4)3 structure (P21/n). XPS results indicate that Mn2p1/2 and Mn2p2/3 are located at 653.94 eV and 642.46 eV, respectively, with trace amounts of Mn doping in the material. SEM images show that Li3V1.94Mn0.06(PO4)3 sample has more dispersed and smaller particle size in morphology, and the uniform distribution of elements of Li3V1.94Mn0.06(PO4)3 sample (V, Mn, P, O) in the precursor composites was confirmed by EDAX. The Zn// Li3V1.94Mn0.06(PO4)3 battery delivers a superior initial capacity of 106.5 mAh g−1 at the current density of 2 C (200 mA g−1), remarkable cycle stability (98% capacity retention for 50th cycles) and superior rate capability (when current density reaches up to 20 C, the reversible capacities are 98mAh g−1). The results of CV indicated that the diffusion coefficient of zinc ion in Li3V1.94Mn0.06(PO4)3 electrode is 1.30 × 10–12 cm2 s−1, which is larger than the other four electrodes. The result of EIS demonstrated that the Rct value.
of Li3V1.94Mn0.06(PO4)3 is the lowest (243.5 Ω), which is in good agreement with rate capability and cyclic results. ex situ XRD results demonstrate that Li+ ion can be inserted or de-inserted reversibly during charge and discharge.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhou S, Wu X, Xiang Y, Zhu L, Liu Z, Zhao C (2021) Manganese-based cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries. Prog Chem 33:649–669
Hao J, Yang F, Zhang S, He H, Xia G, Liu Y, Didier C, Liu T, Pang WK, Peterson VK, Lu J, Guo Z (2020) Designing a hybrid electrode toward high energy density with a staged Li+ and PF6- deintercalation/intercalation mechanism. P NATL ACAD SCI USA 117:2815–2823
Li B, Xue J, Han C, Liu N, Ma K, Zhang R, Wu X, Dai L, Wang L, He Z (2021) A hafnium oxide-coated dendrite-free zinc anode for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 599:467–475
Xia C, Guo J, Li P, Zhang X, Alshareef HN (2018) Highly stable aqueous zinc-ion storage using a layered calcium vanadium oxide bronze cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 57:3943–3948
Tang F, He T, Zhang H, Wu X, Li Y, Long F, Xiang Y, Zhu L, Wu J, Wu X (2020) The MnO@N-doped carbon composite derived from electrospinning as cathode material for aqueous zinc ion battery. J Electroanal Chem 873:114368
Xu C, Li B, Du H, Kang F (2012) Energetic zinc ion chemistry: the rechargeable zinc ion battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 51:933–935
Luo JY, Cui WJ, He P, Xia YY (2010) Raising the cycling stability of aqueous lithium-ion batteries by eliminating oxygen in the electrolyte. Nat Chem 2:760–765
Li G, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Jin C, Huang W, Ding X, Huang Y (2016) Towards polyvalent ion batteries: A zinc-ion battery based on NASICON structured Na3V2(PO4)3. Nano Energy 25:211–217
Jian Z, Han W, Lu X, Yang H, Hu Y-S, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Li J, Chen W, Chen D, Chen L (2013) Superior electrochemical performance and storage mechanism of Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries. Adv Energy Mater 3:156–160
Zhao HB, Hu CJ, Cheng HW, Fang JH, Xie YP, Fang WY, Doan TN, Hoang TK, Xu JQ, Chen P (2016) Novel rechargeable M3V2(PO4)3//Zinc (M = Li, Na) hybrid aqueous batteries with excellent cycling performance. Sci Rep 6:25809
Li G, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Huang Y (2016) Hybrid aqueous battery based on Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode and zinc anode for potential large-scale energy storage. J Power Sources 308:52–57
Jiang Y, Zou Q, Liu S, Zeng H, Chen L, Xiang Y, Li J, Wu X, Wu J, Xiong L (2021) The Li3V2(PO4)3@C materials prepared by freeze-drying assisted sol-gel method for an aqueous zinc ion hybrid battery. J Electroanal Chem 900:115685
Shin J, Yang J, Sergey C, Song MS, Kang YM (2017) Carbon nanofibers heavy laden with Li3V2(PO4)3 particles featuring superb kinetics for high-power lithium ion battery. Adv Sci 4:1700128
Chen D, Lu M, Wang B, Cheng H, Yang H, Cai D, Han W, Fan HJ (2021) High-mass loading V3O7·H2O nanoarray for Zn-ion battery: New synthesis and two-stage ion intercalation chemistry. Nano Energy 83:105835
Chen T, Zhou J, Fang G, Tang Y, Tan X, Pan A, Liang S (2018) Rational design and synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites as high-performance cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 6:7250–7256
Wang X, Ye L, Zou Y, Zhao L, Jiang Q (2021) Constructing ultra-long life and super-rate rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries by integrating Mn doped V6O13 nanoribbons with sulfur-nitrogen modified porous carbon. Mater Today Energy 19:100593
Liu L, Xiao W, Guo J, Cui Y, Ke X, Cai W, Liu J, Chen Y, Shi Z, Chou S (2019) Nanocomposite LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized by freeze-drying assisted sol-gel method and its magnetic and electrochemical properties. Sci China Mater 61:39–47
Tang B, Zhou J, Fang G, Liu F, Zhu C, Wang C, Pan A, Liang S (2019) Engineering the interplanar spacing of ammonium vanadates as a high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode. J Mater Chem A 7:940–945
Long F, Xiang Y, Yang S, Li Y, Du H, Liu Y, Wu X, Wu X, JoC Science I (2022) Layered manganese dioxide nanoflowers with Cu2+ and Bi3+ intercalation as high-performance cathode for aqueous zinc-ion battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 616:101–109
Meng W, Li C, Yao M, He Z, Wu X, Jiang Z, Dai L, Wang L (2020) Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li1+xTi2−xFex(PO4)3/C anode for aqueous lithium ion battery. Adv Powder Technol 31:1359–1364
Zhao J, Li Y, Peng X, Dong S, Ma J, Cui G, Chen L (2016) High-voltage Zn/LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 aqueous rechargeable battery by virtue of “water-in-salt” electrolyte. Electrochem Commun 69:6–10
Li Q, Rui X, Chen D, Feng Y, Xiao N, Gan L, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Huang S (2020) A high-capacity ammonium vanadate cathode for zinc-ion battery. Nanomicro Lett 12:67
Cui J, Wu X, Yang S, Li C, Tang F, Chen J, Chen Y, Xiang Y, Wu X, He Z (2018) Cryptomelane-type KMn8O16 as potential cathode material - for aqueous zinc ion battery. Front Chem 6:352
Tan H, Xu L, Geng H, Rui X, Li C, Huang S (2018) Nanostructured Li3V2(PO4)3 cathodes. Small 14:e1800567
Ding X-K, Liu J, Zhang L-L, Yang X-L (2018) High-performance Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material with a mixed morphology prepared by solvothermal assisted sol–gel process. Ionics 25:2057–2067
Yaghtin A, Masoudpanah SM, Hasheminiasari M, Salehi A, Safanama D, Ong CK, Adams S, Reddy MV (2020) Effect of reducing agent on solution synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Molecules 25:3746
Yu S, Mertens A, Kungl H, Schierholz R, Tempel H, Eichel R-A (2017) Morphology dependency of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material regarding to rate capability and cycle life in lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 232:310–322
Ma L, Chen S, Long C, Li X, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Huang Z, Dong B, Zapien JA, Zhi C (2019) Achieving high-voltage and high-capacity aqueous rechargeable zinc ion battery by incorporating two-species redox reaction. Adv Energy Mater 9:1902446
Hao J, Li B, Li X, Zeng X, Zhang S, Yang F, Liu S, Li D, Wu C, Guo Z (2020) An in-depth study of Zn metal surface chemistry for advanced aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Adv Mater 32:e2003021
Ding J, Du Z, Gu L, Li B, Wang L, Wang S, Gong Y, Yang S (2018) Ultrafast Zn2+ intercalation and deintercalation in vanadium dioxide. Adv Mater 30:e1800762
Tang F, Gao J, Ruan Q, Wu X, Wu X, Zhang T, Liu Z, Xiang Y, He Z, Wu X (2020) Graphene-Wrapped MnO/C Composites by MOFs-Derived as Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc ion Batteries. Electrochimica Acta 353:136570
Yang G, Wei T, Wang C (2018) Self-healing lamellar structure boosts highly stable zinc-storage property of bilayered vanadium oxides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:35079–35089
Yang S, Zhang M, Wu X, Wu X, Zeng F, Li Y, Duan S, Fan D, Yang Y, Wu X (2019) The excellent electrochemical performances of ZnMn2O4/Mn2O3: The composite cathode material for potential aqueous zinc ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem 832:69–74
Li C, Yuan W, Li C, Wang H, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang N (2021) Boosting Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode stability using a concentrated aqueous electrolyte for high-voltage zinc batteries. Chem Commun 57:4319–4322
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51862008, 52064014, 51762017 and 51762016), the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Nos. 2020JJ5457, 2020JJ4505), the Educational Commission of Hunan Province, China (Nos. 19A416, S201910531053), the Research Foundation of Jishou University of Hunan Province, and China (No. Jdy20030, Jdy21025).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
Additional information
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, Y., Xiang, Y., Zou, Q. et al. Improving Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode performance by Mn2+ doping for high-rate aqueous zinc ion hybrid batteries. Ionics 28, 3855–3864 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-022-04561-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-022-04561-z