Abstract
Real-time prediction of spatial raster time series, such as those derived from satellite remote sensing imagery, is important for making emergency decisions on various geo-spatial processes/events. However, because of the scalability issue and large training time requirement, the neural network (NN)-based models often fail to perform real-time prediction, in spite of their tremendous potential. In this paper, we propose ContRast, a variant of recurrent NN-based context-aware raster time series prediction model that attempts to resolve these issues by: (1) eliminating the need for offline adjustment of network structure by employing self-evolving autonomous learning of recurrent neural network, (2) saving training time by adopting single-pass parameter learning mechanism, and (3) reducing redundant learning by skipping sub-regional data associated with similar spatio-temporal context and reusing already learned parameters to predict for the same. Experimental evaluations with respect to predicting normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-raster derived from MODIS Terra satellite remote sensing imagery show that ContRast is highly effective for real-time prediction of spatial raster time series, and it significantly outperforms the existing models. In addition, the theoretical analyses of model complexity and computational cost further justify our empirical observations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Baeza-Yates, R., Liaghat, Z.: Quality-efficiency trade-offs in machine learning for text processing. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, pp. 897–904. IEEE (2017)
Belhi, A., Al-Ali, A.K., Bouras, A., Foufou, S., Yu, X., Zhang, H.: Investigating low-delay deep learning-based cultural image reconstruction. J. Real-Time Image Process. 17, 1911–1926 (2020)
Chen, B., Huang, B., Chen, L., Xu, B.: Spatially and temporally weighted regression: a novel method to produce continuous cloud-free landsat imagery. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 55(1), 27–37 (2017)
Chen, C., Li, W., Gao, L., Li, H., Plaza, J.: Special issue on advances in real-time image processing for remote sensing. J. Real-Time Image Process. 15(3), 435–438 (2018)
Chen, Y., Li, J., Xiao, H., Jin, X., Yan, S., Feng, J.: Dual path networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 4467–4475 (2017)
Cheng, Q., Shen, H., Zhang, L., Yuan, Q., Zeng, C.: Cloud removal for remotely sensed images by similar pixel replacement guided with a spatio-temporal mrf model. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 92, 54–68 (2014)
Crespo, J.L., Zorrilla, M., Bernardos, P., Mora, E.: A new image prediction model based on spatio-temporal techniques. Vis. Comput. 23(6), 419–431 (2007)
Das, M.: Online prediction of derived remote sensing image time series: an autonomous machine learning approach. In: 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). pp. 1496–1499. IEEE (2020)
Das, M., Ghosh, S.K.: Deep-STEP: a deep learning approach for spatiotemporal prediction of remote sensing data. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 13(12), 1984–1988 (2016)
Das, M., Ghosh, S.K.: A deep-learning-based forecasting ensemble to predict missing data for remote sensing analysis. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. 10(12), 5228–5236 (2017)
Das, M., Ghosh, S.K.: Spatio-temporal autocorrelation analysis for regional land-cover change detection from remote sensing data. In: Proceedings of the Fourth ACM IKDD Conferences on Data Sciences, pp. 1–10 (2017)
Das, M., Ghosh, S.K.: Space-time prediction of high resolution raster data: an approach based on spatio-temporal Bayesian network (stbn). In: Proceedings of the ACM India Joint International Conference on Data Science and Management of Data, pp. 129–135. ACM (2019)
Das, M., Pratama, M., Ghosh, S.K.: SARDINE: a self-adaptive recurrent deep incremental network model for spatio-temporal prediction of remote sensing data. ACM Trans. Spat. Algorithms Syst. (TSAS) 6(3), 1–26 (2020)
Deng, L., Yu, D.: Deep learning: methods and applications. Found. Trends Signal Process. 7(3–4), 197–387 (2014)
Dong, C., Loy, C.C., He, K., Tang, X.: Image super-resolution using deep convolutional networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38(2), 295–307 (2016)
Eldawy, A., Niu, L., Haynes, D., Su, Z.: Large scale analytics of vector + raster big spatial data. In: Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, pp. 1–4 (2017)
Ha, V.K., Ren, J., Xu, X., Liao, W., Zhao, S., Ren, J., Yan, G.: Optimized highway deep learning network for fast single image super-resolution reconstruction. J. Real-Time Image Process. 17(6), 1961–1970 (2020)
Han, L., Sun, J., Zhang, W., Xiu, Y., Feng, H., Lin, Y.: A machine learning nowcasting method based on real-time reanalysis data. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 122(7), 4038–4051 (2017)
Jean, N., Burke, M., Xie, M., Davis, W.M., Lobell, D.B., Ermon, S.: Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty. Science 353(6301), 790–794 (2016)
Ji, C.: Haze reduction from the visible bands of landsat tm and etm+ images over a shallow water reef environment. Remote Sens. Environ. 112(4), 1773–1783 (2008)
Krishnaraj, N., Elhoseny, M., Thenmozhi, M., Selim, M.M., Shankar, K.: Deep learning model for real-time image compression in internet of underwater things (iout). J. Real-Time Image Process. 17(6), 2097–2111 (2020)
Kuwata, K., Shibasaki, R.: Estimating crop yields with deep learning and remotely sensed data. In: 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 858–861. IEEE (2015)
Marzano, F.S., Rivolta, G., Coppola, E., Tomassetti, B., Verdecchia, M.: Rainfall nowcasting from multisatellite passive-sensor images using a recurrent neural network. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 45(11), 3800–3812 (2007)
Sedano, F., Kempeneers, P., Hurtt, G.: A Kalman filter-based method to generate continuous time series of medium-resolution ndvi images. Remote Sens. 6(12), 12381–12408 (2014)
USGS-EarthExplorer.: Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (2019). https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data_access/usgs_earthexplorer
Wang, L., Ma, Y., Yan, J., Chang, V., Zomaya, A.Y.: pipscloud: high performance cloud computing for remote sensing big data management and processing. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 78, 353–368 (2018)
Yang, Y., Dong, J., Sun, X., Lima, E., Mu, Q., Wang, X.: A cfcc-lstm model for sea surface temperature prediction. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 15(2), 207–211 (2017)
Zhang, Q., Wang, H., Dong, J., Zhong, G., Sun, X.: Prediction of sea surface temperature using long short-term memory. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 14(10), 1745–1749 (2017)
Zhao, L., Chen, Y., Sheng, V.S.: A real-time typhoon eye detection method based on deep learning for meteorological information forensics. J. Real-Time Image Process. 17(1), 95–102 (2020)
Acknowledgement
This research is supported by the DST-INSPIRE Faculty Fellowship in the year 2019–2020, as received by the author, under the discipline of Engineering sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Das, M. Real-time prediction of spatial raster time series: a context-aware autonomous learning model. J Real-Time Image Proc 18, 1591–1605 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-021-01099-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-021-01099-7