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Real-time reversible data hiding based on multiple histogram modification

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Abstract

Prediction-error expansion (PEE) has been widely utilized in reversible data hiding (RDH) due to its advantage of high-quality marked image. Recently, a RDH method based on multiple histogram modification (MHM) has been proposed, achieving good performance at low capacity. However, its exhaustive expansion-bin-selection mechanism is time consuming, so that it can only choose a single pair of expansion bins in each histogram for embedding data. As an extension of MHM, a novel RDH scheme for high-capacity embedding is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, multiple pairs of expansion bins are utilized in each histogram and a greedy search algorithm is designed to determine the nearly optimal expansion bins. The results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme has real-time performance and high-quality marked image, and it outperforms the original MHM-based RDH method and some other state-of-the-art works.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (nos. 61572052, U1736213, and U1636206).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Computer Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Tong Zhang, Wenfa Qi & Zongming Guo

  2. Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China

    Xiaolong Li

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing, 100044, China

    Xiaolong Li

  4. School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China

    Wei Li

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  1. Tong Zhang
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  2. Xiaolong Li
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  3. Wenfa Qi
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  4. Wei Li
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Correspondence to Xiaolong Li.

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Zhang, T., Li, X., Qi, W. et al. Real-time reversible data hiding based on multiple histogram modification. J Real-Time Image Proc 16, 661–671 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-018-0845-1

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