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Agile convolutional neural network for pulmonary nodule classification using CT images

  • Original Article
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International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To distinguish benign from malignant pulmonary nodules using CT images is critical for their precise diagnosis and treatment. A new Agile convolutional neural network (CNN) framework is proposed to conquer the challenges of a small-scale medical image database and the small size of the nodules, and it improves the performance of pulmonary nodule classification using CT images.

Methods

A hybrid CNN of LeNet and AlexNet is constructed through combining the layer settings of LeNet and the parameter settings of AlexNet. A dataset with 743 CT image nodule samples is built up based on the 1018 CT scans of LIDC to train and evaluate the Agile CNN model. Through adjusting the parameters of the kernel size, learning rate, and other factors, the effect of these parameters on the performance of the CNN model is investigated, and an optimized setting of the CNN is obtained finally.

Results

After finely optimizing the settings of the CNN, the estimation accuracy and the area under the curve can reach 0.822 and 0.877, respectively. The accuracy of the CNN is significantly dependent on the kernel size, learning rate, training batch size, dropout, and weight initializations. The best performance is achieved when the kernel size is set to \(7\times 7\), the learning rate is 0.005, the batch size is 32, and dropout and Gaussian initialization are used.

Conclusions

This competitive performance demonstrates that our proposed CNN framework and the optimization strategy of the CNN parameters are suitable for pulmonary nodule classification characterized by small medical datasets and small targets. The classification model might help diagnose and treat pulmonary nodules effectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the National Cancer Institute and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health and their critical role in the creation of the free publicly available LIDC-IDRI Database used in this study.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (Nos. 81671773, 61672146).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Life Science Building, 500 Zhihui Street, Hun’nan District, Shenyang, 110169, China

    Xinzhuo Zhao, Liyao Liu, Shouliang Qi, Yueyang Teng, Jianhua Li & Wei Qian

  2. College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA

    Wei Qian

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  1. Xinzhuo Zhao
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Correspondence to Shouliang Qi.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in these studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

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Liyao Liu: Joint first author.

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Cite this article

Zhao, X., Liu, L., Qi, S. et al. Agile convolutional neural network for pulmonary nodule classification using CT images. Int J CARS 13, 585–595 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-017-1696-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-017-1696-0

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