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Random forest–based classsification and analysis of hemiplegia gait using low-cost depth cameras

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Abstract

Hemiplegia is a form of paralysis that typically has the symptom of dysbasia. In current clinical rehabilitations, to measure the level of hemiplegia gaits, clinicians often conduct subject evaluations through observations, which is unreliable and inaccurate. The Microsoft Kinect sensor (MS Kinect) is a widely used, low-cost depth sensor that can be used to detect human behaviors in real time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usage of the Kinect data for the classification and analysis of hemiplegia gait. We first acquire the gait data by using a MS Kinect and extract a set of gait features including the stride length, gait speed, left/right moving distances, and up/down moving distances. With the gait data of 60 subjects including 20 hemiplegia patients and 40 healthy subjects, we employ a random forest–based classification approach to analyze the importances of different gait features for hemiplegia classification. Thanks to the over-fitting avoidance nature of the random forest approach, we do not need to have a careful control over the percentage of patients in the training data. In our experiments, our approach obtained the averaged classification accuracy of 90.65% among all the combinations of the gait features, which substantially outperformed state-of-the-art methods. The best classification accuracy of our approach is 95.45%, which is superior than all existing methods. Additionally, our approach also correctly reveals the importance of different gait features for hemiplegia classification. Our random forest–based approach outperforms support vector machine–based method and the Bayesian-based method, and can effectively extract gait features of subjects with hemiplegia for the classification and analysis of hemiplegia.

Random Forest based Classsification and Analysis of Hemiplegia Gait using Low-cost Depth Cameras. Left: Motion capture with MS Kinect; Top-right: Random Forest Classsification based on the extracted gait features; Bottom-right: Sensitivity and specificity evaluation of the proposed classification approach.

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Funding

This work has been supported by the National Science Fund of China (Nos. 61962021, 61602222), the Key R&D Fund of Jiangxi Province (No. 20192BBE50079), and the Nature Science Fund of Jiangxi Province (No. 20171BAB212011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China

    Guoliang Luo, Yean Zhu, Rui Wang, Yang Tong & Haolun Wang

  2. Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China

    Wei Lu

Authors
  1. Guoliang Luo
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  2. Yean Zhu
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  3. Rui Wang
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  4. Yang Tong
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  5. Wei Lu
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  6. Haolun Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haolun Wang.

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The data acquisitions have been conducted in the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Jiangxi People’s Hospital, approved by the local ethics committee. Each participant also had signed an informed consent form.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Luo, G., Zhu, Y., Wang, R. et al. Random forest–based classsification and analysis of hemiplegia gait using low-cost depth cameras. Med Biol Eng Comput 58, 373–382 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-019-02079-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-019-02079-7

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