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A potential role of green engineered TiO2 nanocatalyst towards enhanced photocatalytic and biomedical applications

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Abstract

This study demonstrates a simple protocol for phytofabrication of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) wrapped with bioactive molecules from Ludwigia octovalvis leaf extract and their characterization by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS). The bandgap energy of pure green engineered TiO2 nanoparticles was determined by DRS analysis. The XPS analysis confirmed the purity of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Results show that the synthesized TiO2NPs were spherical in shape with the size ranged from 36 to 81 nm. The green engineered titanium oxide nanocatalyst exhibited enhanced rate of photocatalytic degradation of important textile toxic dyes namely crystal violet (93.1%), followed by methylene blue (90.6%), methyl orange (76.7%), and alizarin red (72.4%) after 6-h exposure under sunlight irradiation. Besides, this study determines the antimicrobial efficiency of TiO2NPs (25 μl and 50 μl), leaf extract (25 μl), and antibiotic (25 μl) against clinically isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. Results show that maximum antibacterial activity with nanotitania treatment noticed was 21.6 and 18.3-mm inhibition in case of S. epidermis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Enhanced rate of antibiofilm activity towards S. aureus and K. pneumoniae was also observed with TiO2NPs exposure. The biomolecule loaded TiO2NPs exhibited the fastest bacterial deactivation dynamics towards gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), with a complete bacterial inactivation within 105-min exposure. Interestingly, anticancer activity result indicates that percentage of human cervical carcinoma cell (HeLa) viability was negatively correlated with TiO2NPs doses used. The AO/EtBr fluorescent staining result exhibited the occurrence of more apoptosis (dead cells) of HeLa cells due to the exposure of TiO2NPs. Altogether, the present study clearly showed that biomolecules wrapped nanotitania could be used as effective and promising compound for enhanced photocatalytic and biomedical applications in the future.

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Acknowledgements

DST-FIST (SR/FIST/LS1-673/2016) is gratefully acknowledged for financial assistance to the Department of Biotechnology for strengthening the Instrumentation facility. TM thanks to Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India for awarding Ramalingaswami Fellowship. Authors are grateful to Dr. Sami Rtimi, Editor for providing suggestions towards the improvement of our manuscript.

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The data generated in the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Author notes

  1. Kawsalya Ramasamy and Sarathikannan Dhavamani contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, TN, 636011, India

    Kawsalya Ramasamy, Sarathikannan Dhavamani & Venkatachalam Perumal

  2. Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, TN, 624 046, India

    Geetha Natesan

  3. Division of Biopesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, TN, 627 412, India

    Karthik Sengodan & Senthil-Nathan Sengottayan

  4. CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India

    Manish Tiwari

  5. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Manish Tiwari

  6. Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4495, USA

    Sahi Shivendra Vikram

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  1. Kawsalya Ramasamy
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  2. Sarathikannan Dhavamani
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  8. Venkatachalam Perumal
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Contributions

RK, DS, NG, and PV conceived original project idea. RK, DS, and PV were involved in collection of samples and experimental work. RK, DS, PV, NG, SK, SS, TM, and SVS prepared the draft copy. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript copy.

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Correspondence to Venkatachalam Perumal.

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Ramasamy, K., Dhavamani, S., Natesan, G. et al. A potential role of green engineered TiO2 nanocatalyst towards enhanced photocatalytic and biomedical applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 41207–41223 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13530-4

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