Abstract
Typical biological processing is often challenging for removing ammonia nitrogen and phosphate from swine wastewater due to inhibition of high ammonia on activity of microorganisms, exhaustion of time, and low efficiency. In this study, a physicochemical process by combining ammonia stripping with struvite precipitation has been tested to simultaneously remove ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from digested swine wastewater (DSW) with high efficiency, low cost, and environmental friendliness. The pH, temperature, and magnesium content of DSW are the key factors for ammonia removal and phosphate recovery through combining stripping with struvite precipitation. MgO was used as the struvite precipitant for NH4+ and PO43− and as the pH adjusted for air stripping of residual ammonia under the condition of 40 °C and 0.48 m3 h−1 L−1 aeration rate for 3 h. The results showed that the removal efficiency of ammonia, total phosphate, and COD from DSW significantly increased with increase of MgO dosage due to synergistic action of ammonia stripping and struvite precipitation. Considering the processing cost and national discharge standard for DSW, 0.75 g L−1 MgO dosage was recommended using the combining technology for nutrient removal from DSW. In addition, 88.03% NH4+-N and 96.07% TP could be recovered from DSW by adsorption of phosphoric acid and precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP). The combined technology could effectively remove and recover the nutrients from DSW to achieve environmental protection and sustainable and renewable resource of DSW. An economic analysis showed that the combining technology for nutrient removal from DSW was feasible.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
APHA (2009) American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environmental Federation. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington DC, USA
Barbosa SG, Peixoto L, Meulman B, Alves MM, Pereira MA (2016) A design of experiments to assess phosphorous removal and crystal properties in struvite precipitation of source separated urine using different Mg sources. Chem Eng J 298:146–153
Cai YC, Li CL, Wu D, Wang W, Tan FT, Wang XY, Wong PK, Qiao XL (2017) Highly active MgO nanoparticles for simultaneous bacterial inactivation and heavy metal removal aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 312:158–166
Cao LP, Zhou T, Li ZH, Wang JJ, Tang J, Ruan R, Liu YH (2018a) Effect of combining adsorption-stripping treatment with acidification on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and nutrient removal from swine wastewater. Bioresour Technol 263:10–16
Cao LP, Wang JJ, Zhou T, Li ZH, Xiang SY, Xu FQ, Ruan R, Liu YH (2018b) Evaluation of ammonia recovery from swine wastewater via a innovative spraying technology. Bioresour Technol 272:235–240
Chimenos JM, Fernandez AI, Villalba G, Segarra M, Urruticoechea A, Artaza B, Espiell F (2003) Removal of ammonium and phosphates from wastewater resulting from the process of cochineal extraction using MgO-containing by-product. Water Res 37:1601–1607
Dominic B, Wang LJ, Zhang B, Scoot TM, Abolghasem S (2018) Aerobic treatment of swine manure to enhance anaerobic digestion and micro algal cultivation. Journal of Environmental Science & Health 53(2):145–151
Elsayed MA (2015) Ultrasonic removal of pyridine from wastewater: optimization of the operating conditions. Appl Water Sci 5:221–227
Gustin S, Marinsek-Logar R (2011) Effect of pH, temperature and air flow rate on continuous ammonia stripping of anaerobic digestion effluent. Process Saf Environ Prot 89:61–66
Huang HM, Xu CL, Zhang W (2011) Removal of nutrients from piggery wastewater using struvite precipitation and pyrogenation technology. Bioresour Technol 102:2523–2528
Huang HM, Liu JH, Xiao J, Zhang P, Gao F (2016a) Highly efficient recovery of ammonium nitrogen from coking wastewater by coupling struvite precipitation and microwave radiation technology. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:3688–3696
Huang HM, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Liu JH, Xiao J, Gao FM (2016b) Simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and recovery of phosphate from swine wastewater by struvite electrochemical precipitation and recycling technology. J Clean Prod 127:302–310
Huang HM, Guo GJ, Zhang P, Zhang DD, Liu JH, Tang SF (2017) Feasibility of physicochemical recovery of nutrients from swine wastewater: evaluation of three kinds of magnesium sources. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 70:209–218
Iaconi CD, Pagano M, Ramadori R, Lopez A (2010) Nitrogen recovery from a stabilized municipal landfill leachate. Bioresour Technol 101:1732–1736
Kizito S, Wu S, Kirui WK, Lei M, Lu QM, Bah H, Dong RJ (2015) Evaluation of slow pyrolyzed wood and rice husks biochar for adsorption of ammonium nitrogen from piggery manure anaerobic digestate slurry. Sci Total Environ 505:102–112
Kumar R, Pal P (2015) Assessing the feasibility of N and P recovery by struvite precipitation from nutrient-rich wastewater: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:17453–17464
Kwon G, Kang KY, Nam JH, Kim YO, Jahng D (2018) Recovery of ammonia through struvite production using anaerobic digestate of piggery wastewater and leachate of sewage sludge ash. Environ Technol 39:831–842
Li RH, Wang JJ, Zhou BY, Zhang ZQ, Liu S, Lei S, Xiao R (2017) Simultaneous capture removal of phosphate, ammonium and organic substances by MgO impregnated biochar and its potential use in swine wastewater treatment. J Clean Prod 147:96–107
Li M, Du CY, Liu J, Quan X, Lan MC, Li BA (2018a) Mathematical modelling on the nitrogen removal inside the membrane-aerated biofilm dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA): effects of temperature, aeration pressure and COD/N ratio. Chem Eng J 338:680–687
Li B, Boiarkina I, Young B, Yu W, Singhai N (2018b) Prediction of future phosphate rock: a demand based model. J Environ Inf 1:41–53
Li B, Boiarkina I, Yu W, Huang HM, Munir T, Wang GQ, Young BR (2019) Phosphorous recovery through struvite crystallization challenges for future design. Sci Total Environ 648:1244–1256
Limoli A, Langone M, Andreottola G (2016) Ammonia removal from raw manure digestate by means of a turbulent mixing stripping process. J Environ Manag 176:1–10
Lin HJ, Lin YQ, Wang DH, Pang YW, Zhang FB, Tan SH (2018) Ammonium removal from digested effluent of swine wastewater by using solid residue from magnesium hydroxide flue gas desulfurization process. J Ind Eng Chem 58:148–154
Liu YH, Kwag JH, Kim JH, Ra CS (2011) Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus by struvite crystallization from swine wastewater. Desalination 277:364–369
Manyuchi MM, Mbohwa C, Muzenda E (2019) Potential to use municipal waste bio char in wastewater treatment for nutrients recovery. Phys Chem Earth 107:92–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.07.002
Nasir IM, Ghazi TM, Omar R (2012) Anaerobic digestion technology in livestock manure treatment for biogas production: a review. Eng Life Sci 12(3):258–269
Provolo G, Perazzolo F, Mattachini G, Finzi A, Naldi E, Riva E (2017) Nitrogen removal from digested slurries using a simplified ammonia stripping technique. Waste Manag 69:154–161
Qiu LP, Shi L, Liu Z, Xie K, Wang JB, Zhang SB, Song QQ, Lu LQ (2017) Effect of power ultrasound on crystallization characteristics of magnesium ammonium phosphate. Ultrason Sonochem 36:123–128
Serna-Maza A, Heaven S, Banks CJ (2015) Biogas stripping of ammonia from fresh digestate from a food waste digester. Bioresour Technol 190:66–75
Shen Y, Tan MTT, Chong C, Xiao WD, Wang CH (2017) An environmental friendly animal waste disposal process with ammonia recovery and energy production: experimental study and economic analysis. Waste Manag 68:636–645
Song WL, Li ZP, Liu F, Ding Y, Qi PS, You H, Jin C (2018) Effective removal of ammonia nitrogen from waste seawater using crystal seed enhanced struvite precipitation technology with response surface methodology for process optimization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:628–638
Stolzenburg P, Capdevielle A, Teychene S, Biscans B (2015) Struvite precipitation with MgO as precursor: application to wastewater treatment. Chem Eng Sci 133:9–15
Sun YF, Qi SY, Zheng FP, Huang LI, Pan J, Jiang YY, Hou WY, Xiao L (2017) Organics removal, nitrogen removal and N2O emission in subsurface wastewater infiltration systems amended with/without biochar and sludge. Bioresour Technol 249:57–61
Tansel B, Lunn G, Monje O (2018) Struvite formation and decomposition characteristics for ammonia and phosphorus recovery: a review of magnesium-ammonia-phosphate interactions. Chemosphere 194:504–514
Ueno Y, Fujii M (2001) Three years experience of operating and selling recovered struvite from full-scale plant. Environ Technol 22:1373–1381
Vanotti MB, Dube PJ, Szogi AA, Garcia MC (2017) Recovery of ammonia and phosphate minerals from swine wastewater using gas-permeable membranes. Water Res 112:137–146
Wang L, Li Y, Chen P, Min M, Chen YF, Zhu J, Ruan RR (2010) Anaerobic digested dairy manure as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of oil-rich green microalgae Chlorella sp. Bioresour Technol 101:2623–2628
Webb KM, Bhargava SK, Priestley AJ, Booker NA, Cooney E (1995) Struvite (MgNH4PO4 6H2O) precipitation: potential for nutrient removal and reused from wastewater. Chem Aust 62:42–44
Yan HL, Shih K (2016) Effects of calcium and ferric ions on struvite precipitation: a new assessment based on quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Water Res 95:310–318
Ye ZL, Chen SH, Lu M, Shi JW, Lin LF, Wang SM (2011) Recovering phosphorus as struvite from the digested swine wastewater with bittern as a magnesium source. Water Sci Technol, 2011 64:334–340
Zheng HL, Liu MZ, Lu Q, Wu XD, Ma YW, Cheng YL, Addy M, Liu YH, Ruan R (2018) Balancing carbon/nitrogen ratio to improve nutrients removal and algal biomass production in piggery and brewery wastewaters. Bioresour Technol 249:479–486
Zhu L, Dong DM, Hua XY, Xu Y, Guo ZY, Liang DP (2017) Ammonia nitrogen removal and recovery from acetylene purification wastewater by air stripping. Water Sci Technol 75:2538–2545
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology in Nanchang University (Project No. SKLF-ZZB-201722), the Key Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology (20161BBF60057), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21466022, 21878139), the Special Fund for the Jiangxi Province (GCXZ2014-124 100102102082) for financial support, and National Fund for study abroad.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Highlights
• Combined technology could achieve efficient removal of nutrients from DSW.
• Optimal MgO dosage was 0.75 g L−1 according to discharge standard and cost.
• NH4+-N, TP, and COD were below national discharge standard via optimal treatment.
• Recovered efficiency of NH4+-N and TP was 88.03 and 96.07%, respectively.
• A total of 309.4 mg g−1 MAP and 601.7 mg g−1 volatile solid could be obtained in sediments.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cao, L., Wang, J., Xiang, S. et al. Nutrient removal from digested swine wastewater by combining ammonia stripping with struvite precipitation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 6725–6734 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04153-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04153-x