Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the spectral efficiency of hybrid precoding (HP) is too low in the current millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, this paper proposes a digital joint equivalent channel hybrid precoding algorithm. Based on the introduction of digital encoding matrix iteration. First, the objective function is expanded to obtain the relation equation, and the pseudo-inverse iterative function of the analog encoder is derived by using the pseudo-inverse method, which solves the problem of greatly increasing the amount of computation caused by the lack of rank of the digital encoding matrix, and reduces the overall complexity of hybrid precoding. Secondly, the analog coding matrix and the millimeter-wave sparse channel matrix are combined into an equivalent channel, and then the equivalent channel is subjected to Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to obtain a digital coding matrix, and then the derived pseudo-inverse iterative function is used to iteratively regenerates the simulated encoding matrix. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the system spectral efficiency by 10–20% compared with other algorithms, and the stability is also improved.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The authors declare that all of data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its corresponding author.
References
Rappaport, T. S., et al. (2013). Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work! IEEE Access, 1, 335–349. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260813
Zhang, J., Tang, P., Tian, L., Hu, Z., Wang, T., & Wang, H. (2017). 6–100 GHz research progress and challenges from a channel perspective for fifth generation (5G) and future wireless communication. Science China (Information Sciences), 60(8), 7–24.
Pi, Z., & Khan, F. (2011). An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49(6), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2011.5783993
Zhou, Z., Ge, N., Wang, Z., & Chen, S. (2018). Hardware-efficient hybrid precoding for millimeter wave systems with multi-feed reflectarrays. IEEE Access, 6, 6795–6806. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2793223
Cui, M., & Zou, W. (2019). Low complexity joint hybrid precoding for millimeter wave MIMO systems. China Communications, 16(2), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.12676/j.cc.2019.02.003
Rohatgi, A., & Rawat, M. (2018). Modified low complexity precoding algorithm for millimeter wave MIMO systems. In Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) (pp. 1066–1069). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCONS.2018.8662941
Bauschke, H. H., & Borwein, J. M. (1996). On projection algorithms for solving convex feasibility problems. SIAM Review, 38(3), 367–426.
El Ayach, O., Rajagopal, S., Abu-Surra, S., et al. (2014). Spatially sparse precoding in millimeter wave MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 13(3), 1499–1513.
Yu, X., Shen, J. C., Zhang, J., et al. (2016). Alternating minimization algorithms for hybrid precoding in millimeter wave MIMO systems. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 10(3), 485–500.
Yong, L. I. A. O., Xin-yi, Y. A. N. G., & Jie-ru, D. U. (2021). A two-stage based low complexity hybrid precoding algorithm for millimeter-wave massive MIMO. Acta Electronica Sinica, 49(7), 1298–1304.
Xie, T., Dai, L., Gao, X., et al. (2018). Geometric mean decomposition based hybrid precoding for millimeter-wave massive MIMO. China Communications, 15(5), 229–238.
Wang, S., He, M., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020). Joint hybrid precoding scheme with low complexity for single-user massive MIMO systems. In 2020 International Conferences on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData) and IEEE Congress on Cybermatics (Cybermatics) (pp. 175–179). IEEE.
Jiang, Y., Li, J., & Hager, W. W. (2005). Joint transceiver design for MIMO communications using geometric mean decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 53(10), 3791–3803.
Wang, S., He, M., Zhang, Y., et al. (2021). Equivalent channel-based joint hybrid precoding/combining for large-scale MIMO systems. Physical Communication, 47, 101287.
Goldsmith, A., Jafar, S. A., Jindal, N., et al. (2003). Capacity limits of MIMO channels. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 21(5), 684–702.
Forenza, A., Love, D. J., & Heath, R. W. (2007). Simplified spatial correlation models for clustered MIMO channels with different array configurations. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 56(4), 1924–1934.
Alouzi, M., Chan, F., & D’Amours, C. (2021). Low complexity hybrid precoding and combining for millimeter wave systems. IEEE Access, 9, 95911–95924.
Sohrabi, F., & Yu, W. (2016). Hybrid digital and analog beamforming design for large-scale antenna arrays. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 10(3), 501–513.
Funding
This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 3072022CF0801) and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agile Intelligent Computing Project Fund.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Authors declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, L., Zhu, M., Xiang, J. et al. Digital Joint Equivalent Channel Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Systems. Wireless Pers Commun 131, 623–637 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10449-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10449-6