Abstract
Future 5G cellular networks will need to deliver significantly increased system capacity and user data rates. This expected growth along with today’s shortage of spectrum raises the need for new frequency allocations. Millimeter wave spectrum is emerging as a suitable candidate with a vast amount of available bandwidth (around 60 GHz). Extending cellular networks communications on millimeter wave frequencies requires extensive measurement campaigns and analysis of signals propagation characteristics. This paper gives an overview of recent measurement studies and results used for modeling millimeter wave channel behavior in different propagation environments. Also , the paper provides a preliminary simulation analysis of a hybrid LTE-millimeter wave heterogeneous network, which suggests that Gbps user data rates are achievable with sufficient beamforming gains. However, the millimeter wave cellular extensions will require architectural changes to address the technical issues spanning from the transceivers design to the operational procedures in both access and backhaul network parts.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rappaport, T. S., Sun, S., Mayzus, R., Zhao, H., Azar, Y., Wang, K., Wong, G. N., Schulz, J. K., Samimi, M., & Gutierrez, F. (2013). Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!, IEEE Access, May.
Faussurier, E. (2014). ANFR, Introduction of new spectrum sharing concepts: LSA and WSD, ITU-R SG 1/WP 1B Workshop: Spectrum management issues on the use of white spaces by cognitive radio systems, Geneva, Jan.
Bai, T., Alkhateeb, A., & Heath, R. W, Jr. (2014). Coverage and capacity of millimeter-wave cellular networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, Sept
Bai, T., & Heath, R. W, Jr. (2015). Coverage and rate analysis for millimeter wave cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 14(2), 1100–1114.
Rappaport, T. S., Murdock, J. N., & Gutierrez, F. (2011). State of the art in 60-GHz integrated circuits and systems for wireless communications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(8), 1390–1436.
Baldemair, R., et al. (2015). Ultra-dense networks in millimeter-wave frequencies. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(1), 202–208.
Agilent Technologies, Wireless LAN at 60 GHz—IEEE 802.11ad Explained, May 2013. http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5990-9697EN.pdf.
Baykas, T., et al. (2011). IEEE 802.15.3c: The first IEEE wireless standard for data rates over 1 Gb/s. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49(7), 114–121.
ITU-R. Working document towards a preliminary draft new report ITU-R M [IMT above 6 GHz], Feb 2014.
Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3, Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods, March 2005. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.838/en.
Adhikari, P. (2008). Understanding millimeter wave wireless communication. Hawaii: Loea Corporation.
Zhao, H., Mayzus, R., Sun, S., Samimi, M., Schulz, J. K., Azar, Y., Wang, K., Wong, G. N., Gutierrez, Jr., F., & Rappaport, T. S. (2013). 28 GHz millimeter wave cellular communication measurements for reflection and penetration loss in and around buildings in New York City. In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June.
MacCartney, G. R., Zhang, J., Nie, S., & Rappaport, R. (2013). Path loss models for 5G millimeter wave propagation channels in urban microcells. In IEEE Global Communications Conference, Exhibition & Industry Forum (GLOBECOM), Dec.
Rappaport, T. S., MacCartney, G. R., Samimi, M. K., & Sun, S. (2015). Wideband millimeter-wave propagation measurements and channel models for future wireless communication system design. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 63(9), 3029–3056.
Akdeniz, M. R., et al. (2014). Millimeter wave channel modeling and cellular capacity evaluation. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 32(6), 1164–1179.
Sulyman, A. I., Nassar, A. T., Samimi, M. K., Maccartney, G. R., Rappaport, T. S., & Alsanie, A. (2014). Radio propagation path loss models for 5G cellular networks in the 28 GHZ and 38 GHZ millimeter-wave bands. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(9), 78–86.
Sun, S. et al. (2016). Propagation path loss models for 5G urban micro- and macro-cellular scenarios, In 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2016-Spring), May.
Rangan, S., Rappaport, T. S., & Erkip, E. (2014). Millimeter-wave cellular wireless networks: Potentials and challenges. Proceedings of the IEEE, 102(3), 366–385.
LTE: Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA): Radio resource control (RRC); Protocol specification (3GPP TS 36.331 version 9.12.0 Release 9)
Di Renzo, M. (2015). Stochastic geometry modeling and analysis of multi-tier millimeter wave cellular networks. ieee transactions on wireless communications, 14(9), 5038–5057.
Lei, W., & Renzo, M. (2015). Stochastic geometry modeling of cellular networks: Analysis, simulation and experimental validation. In MSWiM ’15 Proceedings of the 18th ACM international conference on modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems.
Sun, S., Rappaport, T. S., Heath, R. W., Nix, A., & Rangan, S. (2014). MIMO for millimeter-wave wireless communications: Beamforming, spatial multiplexing, or both? IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(12), 110–121.
Swindlehurst, A. L., Ayanoglu, E., Heydari, P., & Capolino, F. (2014). Millimeter-wave massive MIMO: The next wireless revolution? IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(9), 56–62.
Gao, Z., Dai, L., Mi, D., Wang, Z., Ali Imran, M., Shakir, M. Z. MmWave massive MIMO based wireless backhaul for 5G ultra-dense network, accepted by IEEE wireless communications magazine. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.03940v3.pdf.
Singh, S., Kulkarni, M. N., Ghosh, A., Andrews, J. G. Tractable model for rate in self-backhauled millimeter wave cellular networks. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.5537v2.pdf
Proposed Rule by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Use of spectrum bands above 24 GHz for mobile radio services, January 2016. https://apps.fcc.gov/edocspublic/attachmatch/FCC-15-138A1.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ichkov, A., Atanasovski, V. & Gavrilovska, L. Potentials for Application of Millimeter Wave Communications in Cellular Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 92, 279–295 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3850-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3850-3