Abstract
The present paper analyzes the effect of LDPC coding on the performances of a CDMA DS-SS multiuser system. Two types of detectors are analyzed, namely the conventional matched filter and the MMSE ones, in the ideal case—when the spreading codes are perfectly orthogonal and in a non-ideal one—when the users are more or less intercorrelated. Regarding the communication channel, several cases have been taken into consideration, from pure AWGN or Gaussian Mixture Noise to Rayleigh and Rice fading with different parameters. A large number of simulations have been performed using the Monte Carlo technique and the results are summarized and compared in the final part. Based on those results a number of interesting conclusions are highlighted in the Conclusion section.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ravindrababu, J., Krishna Rao, E. V., & Raja Rao, Y. (2012). Performance analysis and comparison of spreading codes in linear multi-user detectors for DS-CDMA system. WSEAS Transactions on Communications, 11(11). E-ISSN: 2224-2864.
Lee, K., Azurdia-Meza, C. A., & Seo, H. (2014). Efficient channel allocation algorithm with partial CSI for the PB/MC-CDMA system. Wireless Personal Communications. Print ISSN 0929-6212.
Eslami, A., & Keshavarz, H. (2014). User capacity scaling laws of multi-user fading channels in the presence of MMSE channel estimators. Wireless Personal Communications, 77(4), 2465–2482.
Zahedi, A., & Bakhshi, H. (2013). Multiuser detection based on adaptive LMS and modified genetic algorithm in DS-CDMA communication systems. Wireless Personal Communications, 73(3), 931–947.
Singh, A., & Chandran, H. (2012). Low complexity FEC systems for satellite communication. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 4(1). ISSN 1943-3581.
Yuem, G., & Wang, X. (2004). Coding-spreading tradeoff in LDPC-coded CDMA with turbo multiuser detection. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. 1734–1745. ISSN: 1536-1276.
Shin, J. H., Noh, K., Sung, W., & Heo, J. (2012). Simple and accurate design of low-density parity-check codes for multi-input multi-output systems. Wireless Personal Communications, 62(4), 923–936.
Wang, X., Yue, G., & Narayanan, K. R. (2005). Optimization of LDPC-coded turbo CDMA systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 53(4), 1500–1510.
Li, H., Betz, S. M., & Poor, H. V. (2007). Performance analysis of iterative channel estimation and multiuser detection in multipath DS-CDMA channels. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, pp. 1981–1993. ISSN: 1053-587X.
Yang, X., & Lee, M. H. (2006). Low complexity MIMO-LDPC CDMA systems over multipath channels. IEICE Transactions on Communications, E89-B(5), 1713–1717. Print ISSN: 0916-8516.
Sklar, B. (1997). Rayleigh fading channels in mobile digital communication systems part 1: Characterization. IEEE Communications, 35(7), 90–100.
Kumar, S., Gupta, P. K., Singh, G., & Chauhan, D. S. (2013). Performance analysis of Rayleigh and Rician fading channel models using Matlab simulation. I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications. 09, 94-102, Published Online August 2013 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/). doi:10.5815/ijisa.2013.09.11
Awon, N. T., Islam, A., Rahman, M., & Touhidul Islam, A. Z. M. (2012). Effect of AWGN & fading (Raleigh & Rician) channels on BER performance of a WiMAX communication system. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), 10(8). 11–17.
Arsal, A. (2008). A study on wireless channel models: Simulation of fading, shadowing and further applications. Master of Science Thesis at School of Engineering and Sciences of Izmir Institute of Technology.
Tawalbeh, S. M., & Banat, M. M. (2011). Simulation of doubly selective fading channels using autoregressive modeling and optimum receiver design. In IEEE Jordan Conference on Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT). December 6–8, 2011. Print ISBN 978-1-4577-1083-4.
Viswanathan, M. (2013). Simulation of digital communication systems using Matlab [eBook]. http://www.gaussianwaves.com/simulation-of-digitalcommunication-systems-using-matlab-ebook/
Kumar, P. S., Sumithra, M. G., & Sarumathi, M. (2013). Performance comparison of Rayleigh and Rician fading channels in QAM modulation scheme using simulink environment. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, 03(5), 56–62.
Murthy, P. N., & Satyanarayana, R. V. S. (2010). A comparison of Rayleigh and Rician fading channels under frequency-selective fading. IUP Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, III(4), 44–50.
Jayaweera, S. K., & Poor, H. V. (2003). MIMO capacity results for Rician fading channels. In IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM ‘03), pp. 1806–1810. ISBN:0-7803-7974-8.
Kostov, N. (2003). Mobile radio channels modeling in MATLAB. RadioEngineering, 12(4), 12–16.
Proakis, J. G. (1989). Digital communications (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Salhab, A. M., Al-Qahtani, F. S., Zummo, S. A., & Alnuweiri, H. (2014). Performance analysis of amplify-and-forward relay systems with interference-limited destination in various Rician fading channels. Wireless Personal Communications, 53(4), 591–602. Print ISSN 0929-6212.
Blum, R. S., Zhang, Y., Sadler, B. M., & Kozick, R. J. (1999). On the approximation of correlated non-Gaussian noise Pdfs using Gaussian mixture models. Washington, DC: American University.
Essai, M. H., Zahra, M., & Mohammed, A. (2013). Study and analysis the BER performance of linear multiuser detectors in non-Gaussian noise channel. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research 1(3), 332–342. ISSN 2321-9939.
Shakya, I. L., Ali, F. H., & Stipidis, E. (2011). High user capacity collaborative code-division multiple access. IET Communications, 5(3), 307–319.
Cruselles, E. J., Soriano, M., & Melús, J. L. (1998). Spreading codes generator for wireless CDMA networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 7(1), 69–88.
Mitra, A. (2008). On pseudo-random and orthogonal binary spreading sequences. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2. December 12, 2008.
Srivastava, D., & Prasad, R. K. (2013). Spreading codes performance for correlation function using MATLAB. International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Instrumentation Engineering Research and Development (IJECIERD), 3(2), 15–24. ISSN 2249-684X.
Sanusi, S. O., Smith, D. H., Jones, R. A., & Perkins, S. (2010). The application of Frequency assignment techniques in spreading code assignment. Wireless Personal Communications, 54(3), 397–415.
Raihan, S. R. S., & Ng, B. C. (2008). DS-CDMA system with linear multiuser detection in AWGN channel. Georgian Electronic Scientific Journal: Computer Science and Telecommunications, 1(15), 25–36.
Halunga, S., Marcu, I., Fratu, O., & Marghescu, I. (2009). Orthogonality, amplitude and number of users effects on conventional multiuser detection using turbo decoding. EUROCON 2009, 18–23 May 2009, Sankt Petersburg, Rusia, pp. 2000–2004.
Marcu, I., Halunga, S., Fratu, O., & Vizireanu, D. (2011). Multiuser systems implementations in fading environments. In Applications of MATLAB in science and engineering (pp. 166–179). InTech. ISBN 978-953-307-708-6.
Gallager, R. (1962). Low-density parity-check codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21–28.
Sun, J. (2003). An introduction to low density parity check (LDPC) codes. Wireless Communication Research Laboratory (WCRL). Lane Department of Computer. Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University.
Azmi, P., & Zand, T. S. (2012). An iterative multiuser detector for overloaded LDPC coded CDMA systems. Wireless Personal Communications, 66(1), 41–56.
Leiner, B. M. J. (2005). LDPC codes—A brief tutorial. http://www.bernh.net/media/download/papers/ldpc.pdf
Qian, C., Lei, W., & Wang, Z. (2013). Low complexity LDPC decoder with modified sum-product algorithm. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 18(1), 57–61, Article ID6449408.
Linh, N. T. D., Wang, G., Jia, M., & Rugumira, G. (2012). Performance evaluation of sum product and min-sum stopping node algorithm for LDPC decoding. Information Technology Journal, 11(9), 1298.
Jiang, M., Zhao, C., Shi, Z., & Chen, Y. (2005). An improvement on the modified weighted bit-flipping decoding algorithm for LDPC codes. IEEE Communications Letters, 9, 814–816.
Miladinovic, N., & Fossorier, M. P. (2005). Improved bit-flipping decoding of low-density parity-check codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51(4), 1594–1606.
Huang, Q., Kang, J., Zhang, L., & Lin, S. (2009). Two efficient and low-complexity iterative reliability-based majority-logic decoding algorithms for LDPC codes. IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW 2009), pp. 253–257. Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-4982-8.
Marcu, I. M., & Halunga, S. V. (2014). LDPC vs turbocodes behavioral analysis in multiuser DS-CDMA systems. In Proceedings of international symposium on electronics and telecommunications ETC 2014 (11th ed.). Timişoara, pp. 135–139, November 14–15, 2014. ISBN 978-1-4799-7265-4.
Acknowledgments
This work has been funded by the Sectorial Operational Programme Human Resources Development 2007–2013 of the Ministry of European Funds through the Financial Agreement POSDRU/159/1.5/S/132397 and by UEFISCDI - PNCDI 2 “Partnership” through the SaRaT-IWSN project no. 20/2012.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marcu, I., Halunga, S.V. Implication of LDPC Technique in Non-ideal Multiuser Communication System. Wireless Pers Commun 87, 797–814 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2627-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2627-4