Abstract
The wireless sensor network (WSN) is a system containing the event detection and the data gathering abilities. The data gathering mechanism is the fundamental but important procedure in the WSN environment. The way of the data gathering majorly affects the efficiency of WSNs on retrieving data at the sink node. It is generally known that the clustering techniques are effective to reduce the energy consumption in the WSNs. However, the research on the packet collision and the transmission delay in the Cluster based routing algorithm still remains limited. The packet loss and the transmission delay will happen more often due to collision and as such it will have negative impact on the WSN performance. In addition, the transmission delay phenomenon in the WSN may cause the inefficient result in the data gathering process. Unfortunately, it is usually neglected in the existing literature. To overcome the drawback of transmission delay and collision, a cluster-based converge cast tree (CCCT) protocol is proposed in this paper. The core of this protocol is to construct a cross cube spanning tree topology control algorithm. The proposed protocol performance is analyzed theoretically, which demonstrate that the protocol is efficient in avoiding packet collision and reducing the transmission delay. Finally, the protocol is examined by the simulations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed CCCT structure and algorithms outperform the existing approaches significantly in the realistic WSN environment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amodu, O. A., & Mahmood, R. A. R. (2016). Impact of the energy-based and location-based leach secondary cluster aggregation on WSN lifetime. Wireless Networks, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1414-9.
Ashu, & Kaushik, R. (2015). Collision detection in WSN through pattern detection and neural network. International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, 2(11), 2538–2541.
Santi, P. (2005). Topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. ACM Computing Surveys, 37(2), 164–194.
Xu, Y., Zeng, Z. R., & Ding, O. (2015). An energy efficient hole repair node scheduling algorithm for WSN. Wireless Networks, 23(1), 1–14.
He, J., Ji, S., Pan, Y., & Li, Y. (2014). Constructing load-balanced data aggregation trees in probabilistic wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 25(7), 1681–1690.
Marappan, P., & Rodrigues, P. (2016). An energy efficient routing protocol for correlated data using CL-LEACH in WSN. Wireless Networks, 22(4), 1–9.
Zhao, Y., Wu, J., Li, F., & Lu, S. (2012). On maximizing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks using virtual backbone scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 23(8), 1528–1535.
Zhang, J., Xu, L., Zhou, S., Wu, W., & Ye, X. (2015). An efficient connected dominating set algorithm in WSNs based on the induced tree of the crossed cube. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 25(2), 295–309.
Sert, S. A., Bagci, H., & Yazici, A. (2015). MOFCA: Multi-objective fuzzy clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Applied Soft Computing, 30, 151–165.
Dong, M., Ota, K., Liu, A., & Guo, M. (2016). Joint optimization of lifetime and transport delay under reliability constraint wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 27(1), 225–236.
Kim, D., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Zou, F., & Du, D. Z. (2009). Constructing minimum connected dominating sets with bounded diameters in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 20(2), 147–157.
Tang, Q., Yang, K., Li, P., Zhang, J., Luo, Y., & Xiong, B. (2012). An energy efficient MCDS construction algorithm for wireless sensor networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 1, 1–15.
Cheng, B., Fan, J., & Jia, X. (2015). Dimensional-permutation-based independent spanning trees in bijective connection networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(1), 45–53.
Konstantopoulos, C., Vathis, N., Pantziou, G., & Gavalas, D. (2015). Efficient delay-constrained data collection in wireless sensor networks using mobile sinks. In 2015 8th IFIP wireless and mobile networking conference
Velmani, R., & Kaarthick, B. (2015). An efficient cluster-tree based data collection scheme for large mobile wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(4), 2377–2390.
Doudou, M., Djenouri, D., Barceloordinas, J. M., & Badache, N. (2014). Cost effective node deployment strategy for energy-balanced and delay-efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks. In IEEE wireless communications and networking conference. 2014 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC). Istanbul: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 2868–2873.
Cheng, C.-T., Tse, C. K., & Lau, F. C. M. (2011). A delay-aware data collection network structure for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 11(3), 699–C710.
Cheng, C.-T., Tse, C. K., & Lau, F. C. M. (2013). A delay-aware network structure for wireless sensor networks with consecutive data collection processes. IEEE Sensors Journal, 13(6), 2413–2422.
Khan, S., Khan, F., & Khan, S. (2015). Delay and throughput performance improvement in wireless sensor and actor networks. In The 5th IEEE national symposium on information technology: towards smart world, pp. 1–5.
Xu, X. H., Li, M., Mao, X. F., Tang, S. J., & Wang, S. G. (2011). A delay efficient algorithm for data aggregation in multihop wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 22(1), 163–175.
Li, H. X., Wu, C., Hua, Q. S., & Lau, F. C. M. (2014). Latency-minimizing data aggregation in wireless sensor networks under physical interference model. Ad Hoc Network, 12(1), 52–68.
Chen, I., & Wang, Y. (2012). Reliability analysis of wireless sensor networks with distributed code attestation. IEEE Communications Letters, 16(10), 1640–1643.
Sidera, A., & Toumpis, S. (2014). On the delay/cost tradeoff in wireless mobile delay-tolerant networks. In International symposium on modeling and optimization in mobile, ad hoc, and wireless networks. IEEE, pp. 452–459.
Hong, C., Xiong, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2016). A hybrid beaconless geographic routing for different packets in WSN (Vol. 22, pp. 1107–1120). New York: Springer.
Ahlswede, R., Cai, N., Li, S. Y. R., & Yeung, R. W. (2000). Network information flow. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 46(4), 1204–1216.
Ye, X., Li, J., & Xu, L. (2014). Distributed separate coding for continuous data collection in wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 11(11), 1–26.
Gadouleau, M., Richard, A., & Fanchon, E. (2016). Reduction and fixed points of boolean networks and linear network coding solvability. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 62(5), 2504–2519.
Xu, L., Zhang, J., Xiang, Y., & Huang, X. (2017). Network coding based converge-cast scheme in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 96(4), 4947–4972.
Cheng, B., Fan, J., & Jia, X. (2014). Dimensional-permutation-based independent spanning trees in bijective connection networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(1), 45–53.
Zhang, J., Xu, L., Zhou, S., Min, G., Xiang, Y., & Hu, J. (2017). Crossed cube ring: A k-connected virtual backbone for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 91(1), 75–88.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.: 61072080, 61572010), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2017J05098), The Education Department of Fujian Province Science and Technology Project (JAT160328, JZ160461), and the Science Research Project in Fujian University of Technology (GY-Z160066, GY-Z160130, GY-Z160138).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, J., Xu, L., Tsai, PW. et al. Minimization of delay and collision with cross cube spanning tree in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Netw 25, 1875–1893 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1653-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1653-4