Abstract
Research evaluation is a multi-dimensional problem as there are multiple input dimensions, multiple output dimensions and a country space of many dimensions. The data making the connections are usually available in matrix form. In this paper, we use matrix normalization and multiplication so that totalized input and output measures can be obtained. This facilitates comparative research evaluation. The US and Japan lead as the major players when patents and papers are jointly considered. Most of the countries considered register totalized output that is commensurate with totalized input. Three countries are seen to be falling short of this ideal: China, Russia and Mexico.
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Acknowledgements
The author is very grateful to Dr Somenath Mukerjee of the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, India for carefully checking the matrix operations and for suggesting changes in the notation.
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Prathap, G. Totalized input–output assessment of research productivity of nations using multi-dimensional input and output. Scientometrics 115, 577–583 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2605-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2605-6