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Orbital angular momentum-encoded quantum digital signature over atmospheric channel

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Abstract

Quantum digital signature (QDS) ensures the integrity of a classical message and the authenticity of its sender based on information-theoretical limits and quantum mechanical mechanisms. The existing polarization-encoded or phase-encoded QDS protocols are susceptible to the interference from non-ideal factors in the quantum channel, resulting in the mismatch of the measurement reference frame. The channel capacities of these protocols are also limited, reducing the practicability of these protocols. To overcome these defects, we present a time-bin orbital angular momentum (OAM)-encoded continuous variable QDS (CVQDS) protocol, which exploits the rotation invariance of the vortex beam in the transmission direction to circumvent the real-time calibration of the reference frame and utilizes the infinite-dimensional eigenstate characteristics of the OAM states to beat the channel capacity limit. Security analysis and numerical simulations show that it is feasible to use this protocol to sign 1-bit message in atmospheric channel, and the channel capacity can be improved by increasing the dimensionality of the OAM code.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61871407), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2021JJ30878), the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2022GK2016) and the Special Funds for the Construction of an Innovative Province in Hunan (Grant No. 2020GK4063). We acknowledge the support from the Optoelectronic Information Center of Central South University and Hunan Railway Engineering Machinery Electro-hydraulic Control Engineering Technology Research Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Xinchao Ruan, Hang Zhang, Di Jin, Zhipeng Wang & Ying Guo

  2. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China

    Wei Zhao

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  1. Xinchao Ruan
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Correspondence to Ying Guo.

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Ruan, X., Zhang, H., Zhao, W. et al. Orbital angular momentum-encoded quantum digital signature over atmospheric channel. Quantum Inf Process 21, 191 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-022-03536-3

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