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Overexpression of a Xylanase Inhibitor Gene, OsHI-XIP, Enhances Resistance in Rice to Herbivores

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Abstract

Xylanase inhibitors have been reported to play an important role in plant defense against fungal pathogens. However, little to nothing is known about their role in defense against herbivores. Here, we cloned a rice xylanase-inhibiting protein (XIP)-type gene OsHI-XIP whose encoding protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transcriptional analysis revealed a low constitutive mRNA level of OsHI-XIP, while herbivore infestation, mechanical wounding, and treatment with jasmonic acid (JA), a signal that can be induced after infestation by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis, result in an obvious increase in transcript levels. Overexpression of OsHI-XIP, which increased mRNA levels of the gene by 14.7- to 17.7-fold and 7.5- to 9.6-fold at 0 and 12 h, respectively, after SSB infestation, enhanced constitutive and SSB-induced xylanase inhibitor activity and reduced the larval performance of SSB. Moreover, overexpression of OsHI-XIP decreased the feeding and oviposion preferences of the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, but did not influence the growth and development of rice plants. The results suggest that the rice XIP-type xylanase inhibitor OsHI-XIP is involved in the resistance in rice to herbivores.

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Abbreviations

BPH:

Brown planthopper

GH:

Glycoside hydrolase

JA:

Jasmonic acid

PGIPs:

Polygalacturonase inhibitors

PR proteins:

Pathogenesis-related proteins

QRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time PCR

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

SA:

Salicylic acid

SSB:

Striped stem borer

TAXI:

Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor

TLXI:

Thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor

TrypPIs:

Trypsin protease inhibitors

UTR:

Untranslated regions

XI:

Xylanase inhibitor

XIP:

Xylanase-inhibiting protein

WT:

Wild-type

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Acknowledgments

We thank Emily Wheeler for editorial assistance. The study was jointly sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB126200), the Innovation Research Team Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31021003), the National Program of Transgenic Variety Development of China (2011ZX08001-001), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01-21).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Zhaojun Xin, Qi Wang, Zhaonan Yu, Liucheng Hu, Jiancai Li, Caiyu Xiang, Baohui Wang & Yonggen Lou

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  1. Zhaojun Xin
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Correspondence to Yonggen Lou.

Electronic supplementary material

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Table S1

Specific probes and primers for QRT-PCR of OsHI-XIP and OsACT. (DOC 31 kb)

Figure S1

Schematic of the expression vector of pCAMBIA-XIP::EGFP (a), pCAMBIA-WAK2::EGFP (b) and pCAMBIA-XIP (c) used for transformation in this study. (DOC 407 kb)

Figure S2

Growth phenotype and DNA gel-blot analysis of three oe-xip lines. (a,b) Growth phenotype of oe-xip lines and WT line at 30-d-old (a) and maturity stage (b). (c) DNA gel-blot analysis of three oe-xip lines (oe-22, oe-23, and oe-24). (DOC 2120 kb)

Figure S3

cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of a rice XIP gene OsHI-XIP. The start and stop codes are shown in red boxes. (DOC 234 kb)

Figure S4

Mean transcript levels (+ SE, n=5) of OsHI-XIP in rice stems that were treated with 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC, a) or H2O2 (b). Transcript levels were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. (DOC 91 kb)

Figure S5

JA levels and TrypPI activity in oe-xip lines and WT plants at different times after SSB larvae feeding. (a) Mean levels (+SE, n = 5) of JA in stems of oe-xip lines and WT plants when they were individually infested by a third-instar SSB larva for 0, 1.5, and 3 h. (b) Mean levels (+ SE, n=5) of trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) in stems of oe-xip lines and WT line when they were individually infested by a third-instar SSB larva for 3 days (SSB) or kept untreated (Con). (DOC 164 kb)

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Xin, Z., Wang, Q., Yu, Z. et al. Overexpression of a Xylanase Inhibitor Gene, OsHI-XIP, Enhances Resistance in Rice to Herbivores. Plant Mol Biol Rep 32, 465–475 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-013-0661-5

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