Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common form of primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and despite treatment, patients with these tumors have a very poor prognosis. ATP and other nucleotides and nucleosides are very important signaling molecule in physiological and pathological conditions in the CNS. ATP is degraded very slowly by gliomas when compared to astrocytes, potentially resulting in the accumulation of extracellular ATP around gliomas. Cell lysis caused by excitotoxic death or by tumor resection may liberate intracellular ATP, a known mitotic factor for glioma cells. The aim of this study is to examine the effects on cytotoxicity induced by extracellular ATP in U138-MG human glioma cell line and C6 rat glioma cell line compared to hippocampal organotypic cell cultures. The cytotoxicity of ATP (0.1, 0.5, 5 mM) was measured using propidium iodide and LDH assays. Caspases assay was performed to identify apoptotic cell death. Results showed that the glioma cells present resistance to death induced by ATP when compared with a normal tissue. High ATP concentrations (5 mM) induced cell death after 24 h in organotypic cell cultures but not in glioma cell lines. Our data indicate that ATP released in these situations can induce cell death of the normal tissue surrounding the tumor, potentially opening space to the fast growth and invasion of the tumor.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V Ralevic G Burnstock (1998) ArticleTitleReceptors for purines and pyrimidines Pharmacol Rev 50 413–492 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmvFamur0%3D Occurrence Handle9755289
H Zimmermann (1994) ArticleTitleSignalling via ATP in the nervous system TiNS 17 420–426
G Burnstock JN Wood (1996) ArticleTitlePurinergic receptors: their role in nociception and primary afferent neurotransmission Curr Opin Neurobiol 6 526–532 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80060-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xlslelt7g%3D Occurrence Handle8794102
H Zimmermann N Braun (1999) ArticleTitleEcto-nucleotidases molecular structures, catalytic properties, and functional roles in nervous system Prog Brain Res 120 371–385
SC Chow GEN Kass S Orrenius (1997) ArticleTitlePurines and their roles in apoptosis Neuropharmacology 36 1149–1156
Agteresch HJ Dagnelie PC Van Den Berg JW Wilson JH (1999) ArticleTitleAdenosine triphosphate: established and potential clinical applications Drugs 58 211–232
JT Neary MP Rathbone F Cattebeni MP Abbracchio G Burnstock (1996) ArticleTitleTrophic actions of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides on glial and neuronal cells TiNS 19 13–18
Di Virgilio F (2000) ArticleTitleDr Jekyll/Mr. Hyde: the dual role of extracellular ATP J Auton Nerv Syst 81 59–63
Y Chvatchko S Valera JP Aubry T Renno G Buell JY Bonnefoy (1996) ArticleTitleThe involvement of an ATP-gated ion channel, P2X1, in thymocyte apoptosis Immunity 5 275–283
SA Tinton VH Lefebvre OC Cousin PM Buc-Calderon (1993) ArticleTitleCytolytic effects and biochemical changes induced by extracellular ATP to isolated hepatocytes Biochim Biophys Acta 1176 1–6
Ferrari D Chiozzi P Falzoni S Susino M Collo G Buell G Di Virgilio F (1997) ArticleTitleATP- mediated cytotoxicity in microglial cells Neuropharmacology 36 1295–1301
D Ferrari M Los MKA Bauer P Vandenabeele S Wesselborg K Schulze-Osthoff (1999) ArticleTitleP2Z purinoceptors ligation induces activation of caspases with distinct roles in apoptotic and necrotic alterations of cell death FEBS Lett 447 71–75
JK Ryu WH Schin J Kim (2002) ArticleTitleATP-induced in vivo neurotoxicity in the rat striatum via P2 receptors Neuroreport 13 1611–1615
GR Dubyak C El-Moatassim (1993) ArticleTitleSignal tranduction via P2-purinergic receptors for extracellular ATP and nucleotides Am J Physiol 265 C577–C606 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmt1I%3D Occurrence Handle8214015
C Volonté D Merlo (1996) ArticleTitleSelected P2 receptor modulators prevent glutamate-evoked cytotoxicity in culture cerebellar granule neurones J Neurosc Res 45 183–193
Volonté C Ciotti MT D’Ambrosi N Lockhart B Spedding M (1999) ArticleTitleNeuroprotective effects of modulators of P2 receptors in primary culture of CNS neurones Neuropharmacology 38 1335–1342
SJ Robertson FA Edwards (1998) ArticleTitleATP and glutamate are released from separate neurons in the rat medial habenula nucleus: frequency dependence and adenosine mediated inhibition of release J Physiol 508 691–701
GC Bennet MR Boarder (2000) ArticleTitleThe effect of nucleotides and adenosine on stimulus evoked glutamate from rat brain cortical slice Br J Pharmacol 131 617–623
A Jeremic K Jeftinija J Stevanovic A Glavaski S Jeftinija (2001) ArticleTitleATP stimulates calcium-dependent glutamate release from cultured astrocytes J Neurochem 77 664–675
VP Collins (2002) ArticleTitleCellular mechanisms targeted during astrocytoma progression Cancer Lett 188 1–7
JR Simpson J Horton C Scott WJ Curran P Rubin J Fischbach S Isaacson M Rotman SO Asbell JS Nelson AS Weinstein (1993) ArticleTitleInfluence of location and extent of surgical resection on survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: results of three consecutive Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical trials Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26 239–244
MR Wink G Lenz E Braganhol AS Tamajusuku G Schwartsmann JJ Sarkis AMO Battastini (2003) ArticleTitleAltered extracellular ATP, ADP and AMP catabolism in glioma cell lines Cancer Lett 198 211–218
ER Laws ME Shaffrey SuffixJr (1999) ArticleTitleThe inherent invasiveness of cerebral gliomas: implications for clinical management Int J Neurosci 17 413–420
FB Morrone MC Jacques-Silva AP Horn A Bernardi G Schwartsmann R Rodnight G Lenz (2003) ArticleTitleExtracellular nucleotides and nucleosides induce proliferation and increase nucleoside transport in human glioma cell lines J Neuroncol 64 211–218
S Amadio N D’Ambrosi F Cavaliere B Murra G Sancesario G Bernardi G Burnstock C Volonté (2002) ArticleTitleP2 receptor modulation and cytotoxic function in cultured CNS neurons Neuropharmacol 42 489–501
L Stoppini PA Buchs DA Muller (1991) ArticleTitleA simple method for organotypic cultures of nervous tissue J Neurosci Meth 37 173–182 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0165-0270(91)90128-M Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By6A2M%2FosFI%3D Occurrence Handle1715499
JF Whitaker (1969) ArticleTitleA general colorimetric procedure for the estimation of enzymes which are linked to the NADH-NAD+ system Clin Chim Acta 24 23–27
P Zanovello V Bronte A Rosato P Pizzo F Di Virgilio (1990) ArticleTitleExtracellular ATP as a possibile mediator of cell-mediated cytotoxicity Immunol Today 11 274–277
M Murgia P Pizzo TH Steinberg F Di Virgilio (1992) ArticleTitleCharacterization of the cytotoxic effect of extracellular ATP in I774 mouse macrophages Biochem J 288 897–901
R Meller SL Skradski RP Simon R Henshall DCMeller SL Skradski RP Simon DC Henshall (2002) ArticleTitleExpression, proteolysis and activation of caspases 6 and 7 during rat C6 glioma cell apoptosis Neurosci Lett 10 IssueID324(1) 33–36
ZQ Dong JCS Pang CYK Tong LF Zhou H Keung (2002) ArticleTitleClonality of oligoastrocytomas Human Pathol 33 528–535
W Muller U Lass K Kuchelmeister M Bergmann A Deimlin (2001) ArticleTitleClonal analysis of glioblastoma with epithelial differentiation Brain Pathol 11 39–43
JR Masters (2000) ArticleTitleHuman cancer cell lines: fact and fantasy Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 1 IssueID3 233–236
MP Abbrachio G Burnstock (1998) ArticleTitlePurinergic signaling: pathophysiological roles Jpn J Pharmacol 78 113–145
EC Holland (2001) ArticleTitleGliomagenesis: genetic alterations and mouse models Nature 2 120–129
Y Zu-Cheng H Sontheimer (1999) ArticleTitleGlioma cells release excitotoxic concentration of glutamate Cancer Res 59 4383–4391
T Takano JHC Lin G Arcuino Q Gao J Yang M Nedergaard (2001) ArticleTitleGlutamate release promotes growth of malignant gliomas Nature Med 7 1010–1015
G Queiroz DK Meyer A Meyer K Starke Kugelgen ParticleVon (1999) ArticleTitleA study of the mechanism of the release of ATP from rat cortical astroglial cells evoked by activation of glutamate receptors Neuroscience 91 1171–1181
AS Kureshi FM Hofman JH Schneider LS Chin ML Apuzzo DR Hinton (1994) ArticleTitleCytokine expression in radiation-induced delayed cerebral injury Neurosurgery 35 822–829
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morrone, F.B., Horn, A.P., Stella, J. et al. Increased resistance of glioma cell lines to extracellular ATP cytotoxicity. J Neurooncol 71, 135–140 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-004-1383-1
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-004-1383-1