[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Beautified QR code with high storage capacity using sequential module modulation

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For the issue of beautification and capacity expansion of the Quick Response(QR) code, we proposed an algorithm based on sequential module modulation. First, the modules for the padding codewords are modulated by the module-based binarized background image. Then, to increase the storage capacity, low-pass textured patterns are designed for both the black modules and the white modules. The modules of the plain QR code are modulated by the second-level message. Finally, these modulated modules are further modulated by the L-channel of the background image in Lab color space. The module elimination parameter in the second modulation is optimized to maximize an objective function that accounts for both the visual quality and the decoding error. Experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed algorithm is superior to the reference method in terms of visual quality and capacity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bhardwaj N , Kumar R, Verma R, Jindal A, Bhondekar AP (2016) Decoding algorithm for color QR code: a mobile scanner application. In: 2016 international conference on recent trends in information technology (ICRTIT), pp 1–6

  2. Chen S-K (2017) Auto-recovery from photo QR code. In: 13th international conference on intelligent information hiding and multimedia signal processing, pp 290–295

  3. Chu H-K, Chang C-S, Lee R-R, Mitra NJ (2013) Halftone QR codes. ACM Trans Graph 32(6):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Garateguy GJ, Arce GR, Lau DL, Villarreal OP (2014) QR Images: optimized image embedding in QR codes. IEEE Trans Image Process 23(7):2842–2853

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. ISO/IEC standard 18004 (2000) Information technology – automatic identification and data capture techniques – bar code symbology – QR Code

  6. Kan T-W, Teng C-H, Chou W-S (2009) Applying QR code in augmented reality applications. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on virtual reality continuum and its applications in industry, pp 253–257

  7. Koschan A, Abidi M (2008) Digital color image processing. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. Lan X-Y, Ma AJ, Yuen P-C (2014) Multi-cue visual tracking using robust feature-level fusion based on joint sparse representation. In: 2014 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1194–1201

  9. Lan X-Y, Ma AJ, Yuen P-C, Chellappa R (2015) Joint sparse representation and robust feature-level fusion for multi-cue visual tracking. IEEE Trans Image Process 24(12):5826–5841

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Lan X-Y, Ye M, Zhang S-P, Zhou H-Y, Yuen P-C (2018) Modality-correlation-aware sparse representation for RGB-infrared object tracking. Pattern Recogn Lett pp 1–9

  11. Lan X-Y, Zhang S-P, Yuen P-C, Chellappa R (2018) Learning common and feature-specific patterns: a novel multiple-sparse-representation-based tracker. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(4):2022–2037

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Lin J-A, Fuh C-S (2013) 2D barcode image decoding. Math Probl Eng pp 1–10

  13. Lin Y-H, Chang Y-P, Wu J-L (2013) Appearance-based QR code beautifier. IEEE Trans Multimedia 15(8):2198–2207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lin Y-S, Luo S-J, Chen B-Y (2013) Artistic QR code embellishment. Comput Graphics Forum 32(7):137–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lin S-S, Hu M-C, Lee C-H, Lee T-Y (2015) Efficient QR code beautification with high quality visual content. IEEE Trans Multimedia 17(9):1515–1524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu S-J, Zhang J, Pan J-S, Weng C-J (2017) SVQR: a novel secure visual quick response code and its anti-counterfeiting solution. Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 8(5):1132–1140

    Google Scholar 

  17. Liu S-J, Zhang J, Pan J-S, Weng C-J (2018) A novel information embedding and recovering method for QR code based on module subdivision. Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 9(2):515–522

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ono S, Morinaga K, Nakayama S (2008) Two-dimensional barcode decoration based on real-coded genetic algorithm. In: 2008 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence), pp 1068–1073

  19. Querini M, Grillo A, Lentini A, Italiano GF (2011) 2D Color barcodes for mobile phones. Int J Comput Sci Appl 8(1):136–155

    Google Scholar 

  20. QR code creater http://www.qrcode.com/en/index.html

  21. Tkachenko I, Puech W, Destruel C, Strauss O, Gaudin J-M, Guichard C (2016) Two-level QR code for private message sharing and document authentication. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 11(3):571–583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang Z, Bovik AC, Sheikh HR, Simoncelli EP (2004) Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans Image Process 13 (4):600–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2014JL044), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(No. 61272432). The work of Hong-Mei Yang is also supported by Qingdao Scientific Development Plan (No. KJZD-13-28-JCH).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Electronics, Communication and Physics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shandong, 266590, People’s Republic of China

    Hui-Li Cai, Bin Yan & Na Chen

  2. College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shandong, 266590, People’s Republic of China

    Jeng-Shyang Pan & Hong-Mei Yang

Authors
  1. Hui-Li Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bin Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Na Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jeng-Shyang Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hong-Mei Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bin Yan.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cai, HL., Yan, B., Chen, N. et al. Beautified QR code with high storage capacity using sequential module modulation. Multimed Tools Appl 78, 22575–22599 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7504-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7504-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation