[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Multiple predictors hiding scheme using asymmetric histograms

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In recent years, many data hiding techniques have been proposed, and they can be generally classified into two types according to the reversibility of the image; these two types are reversible and irreversible data hiding. This study focused on reversible data hiding, which makes recovering the cover image possible after the secret data has been extracted. In 2013, Chen et al. proposed an asymmetric-histogram reversible data hiding method. In their scheme, two prediction error histograms (maximum and minimum error histograms) were used to embed the secret message. Two histograms were shifted in opposite directions. Hence, some stego-pixels were shifted to their original values. The complementary embedding strategy is effective. However, the predictor in the method is rough. Only neighboring pixels were used to generate the prediction errors, thereby resulting in poor prediction efficiency. To enhance the prediction efficiency, this paper combines several well-known predictors such as gradient adjusted gap (GAP), median edge detect, and interpolation by neighboring pixel (INP) to generate prediction errors. Different predictors along with the asymmetric-histogram method can achieve better results. The predictor GAP used more neighboring pixels to obtain the prediction value; therefore, it is suitable for complex images. However, the predictor INP only considers that closer pixels can achieve great results for smooth images. Hence, the proposed scheme combines GAP and asymmetric histogram for complex images. However, the predictor INP along with asymmetric histogram is used for smooth images. Experimental results showed that the PSNR value of the proposed method is greater than that of the asymmetric-histogram shifting method and other recent approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chen X, Sun X, Sun H, Zhou Z, Zhang J (2013) Reversible watermarking method based on asymmetric-histogram shifting of prediction errors. J Syst Softw 86(10):2620–2626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. De SF, Jing ZJ, Zhao SG, Fan J (2014) Reversible data hiding based on prediction-error histogram shifting and EMD mechanism. AEU Int J Electron Commun 68(10):933–943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Fallahpour M (2008) Reversible image data hiding based on gradient adjusted prediction. IEICE Electron Express 5(20):870–876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Feng G, Fan L (2012) Reversible data hiding of high payload using local edge sensing prediction. J Syst Softw 85:392–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hong W (2012) Adaptive reversible data hiding method based on error energy control and histogram shifting. Opt Commun 285(2):101–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lee CF, Huang YL (2012) An efficient image interpolation increasing payload in reversible data hiding. Expert Syst Appl 39(8):6712–6719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lu TC, Tseng CY, Deng KM (2014) Reversible data hiding using local edge sensing prediction methods and adaptive thresholds. Signal Process 104:152–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ni ZC, Shi YQ, Ansari N, Su W (2006) Reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 16(3):354–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Pan ZB, Hu S, Ma XX, Wang LF (2015) Reversible data hiding based on local histogram shifting with multilayer embedding. J Vis Commun Image Represent 31:64–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Qin C, Chang CC, Huang YH, Liao LT (2013) An inpainting-assisted reversible steganographic scheme using a histogram shifting mechanism. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 23(7):1109–1118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Qin C, Chang CC, Hsu TJ (2014) Reversible data hiding scheme based on exploiting modification direction with Two steganographic images. Multimedia Tools Appl 74(15):5861–5872. doi:10.1007/s11042-014-1894-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Qin C, Chang CC, Liao LT (2012) An adaptive prediction-error expansion oriented reversible information hiding scheme. Pattern Recogn Lett 33(16):2166–2172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Tian J (2003) Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 13(8):890–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Tsai P, Hu YC, Yeh HL (2009) Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting. Signal Process 89:1129–1143

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Weinberger MJ, Seroussi G, Sapiro G (2004) The LOCO-I lossless image compression algorithm: principles and standardization into JPEG-LS. IEEE Trans Image Process 9(8):1309–1324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wen J, Lei J, Wan Y (2012) Reversible data hiding through adaptive prediction and prediction error histogram modification. Int J Fuzzy Syst 14(2):244–256

    Google Scholar 

  17. Yang CH, Weng CY, Wang SJ, Sun HM (2008) Adaptive data hiding in edge areas of images with spatial LSB domain systems. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 3(3):488–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang W, Ma K, Yu N (2014) Reversibility improved data hiding in encrypted images. Signal Process 94:118–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by a research grant from Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 103-2221-E-324 -014 -).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng East Road, Wufeng District, Taichung, Taiwan

    Tzu-Chuen Lu, Chang-Mu Chen & Mei-Chen Lin

  2. Aeronautical Research Laboratory, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taichung 407, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Ying-Hsuan Huang

Authors
  1. Tzu-Chuen Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chang-Mu Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mei-Chen Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ying-Hsuan Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tzu-Chuen Lu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lu, TC., Chen, CM., Lin, MC. et al. Multiple predictors hiding scheme using asymmetric histograms. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 3361–3382 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3960-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3960-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation