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Extending MPEG-7 for efficient annotation of complex web 3D scenes

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose an annotation scheme for web-3D scenes based on the MPEG-7 standard. We focus on the annotation of 3D scenes that are encoded with the X3D modeling language which is the descendant of VRML. X3D has been adopted by the web service industry as the appropriate framework for developing internet friendly and flexible 3D visualization applications. We introduce MPEG-7 extensions that are necessary in order to fulfill the requirements of the X3D scene structure and we adapt the MPEG-7 schema encoding accordingly. In the annotation scheme, we consider animation and interactivity issues along with geometrical and appearance characteristics of the 3D content providing a more efficient description of the scene. Thus, the extensions proposed in this paper cover all the information required for a complete and efficient description on the position and relative size of 3D objects, specific characteristics such as object type, curvature properties and available textures, combined with the objects’ innate animation properties and its interactions with other objects in the scene or with the end user. The extensions are MPEG-7 Visual and Metadata Descriptors, which fully conform to the standardization restrictions, and we also provide the modifications to the corresponding schema of the ISO 15938 standard that are essential for validating against the proposed MPEG-7 implementation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Advanced Technology, University of Glamorgan, Treforest, Wales, UK

    Patti Spala & George Mamakis

  2. Department of Applied Informatics and Multimedia, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Crete, Greece

    Patti Spala, Athanasios G. Malamos & George Mamakis

  3. Decision Support Lab. Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece

    Anastasios Doulamis

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  1. Patti Spala
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  2. Athanasios G. Malamos
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  3. Anastasios Doulamis
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  4. George Mamakis
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Correspondence to Athanasios G. Malamos.

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Spala, P., Malamos, A.G., Doulamis, A. et al. Extending MPEG-7 for efficient annotation of complex web 3D scenes. Multimed Tools Appl 59, 463–504 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-011-0790-5

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