[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Applications of RF aperture-array spatially-bandpass 2-D IIR filters in sub-Nyquist spectrum sensing, wideband doppler radar and radio astronomy beamforming

  • Published:
Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The application of two-dimensional (2-D) infinite impulse response (IIR) spatially-bandpass (SBP) filters as a digital beamformer for a wide spectrum of practical applications spanning wireless cognitive radio communications, doppler radar, and radio astronomy instrumentation is discussed. The paper starts with an introduction of the recently proposed 2-D SBP filter. The first application is a spectrum sensing scheme for dynamic spectrum access based cognitive radios. A 2-D IIR SBP filter is used in conjunction with a sub-Nyquist wideband signal reconstruction technique to achieve aperture-array directional spectrum sensing using sub-Nyquist sparse sampling based on the recently reported Eldar algorithm. The second application is related to wideband pulse and continuous-wave frequency modulated Doppler radar sensing. The SBP filter is integrated with a wideband radar back-end connected to an electronically-steerable aperture antenna. A a low-complexity directional localization algorithm is presented, which estimates the range and angle of a target scatterer with a signal to interference ratio improvement of 10 dB. We also present applications of 2-D IIR SBP in the fields of classification and remote sensing of unmanned aerial vehicles. Finally, a digital aperture-array wideband beamforming model using the 2-D IIR SBP filters is presented for radio telescope systems based on dense aperture arrays and time-domain beamforming. A well-known example is the study of pulsar astrophysics using a highly-directional aperture antenna system. The 2-D IIR SBP beamformer is simulated as the digital backend of the time-domain beamforming system with array signals synthesized using measured time-domain signatures from the Crab pulsar obtained from the GAVRT. The SBP filter shows a gain of 12.3 dB with an order of magnitude lower circuit complexity compared to traditional phased-array digital beamformers. To obtain comparable levels of SINR improvement, the wideband phased-array beamformers require 48-point FFTs per antenna. Assuming the optimum three real-multiplications per complex multiplication for the Gauss algorithm, it is discovered that the proposed 2-D IIR SBP beamformers are more than 97 % lower in digital multiplier complexity compared to traditional FIR phased-array FFT-beamformers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Agathoklis, P., & Bruton, L. T. (1983). Practical-BIBO stability of N-dimensional discrete systems. IEEE Proceedings of Electronic Circuits and Systems, 130(6), 236–242. doi:10.1049/ip-g-1:19830045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruton, L., & Bartley, N. (1985). Three-dimensional image processing using the concept of network resonance. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 32(7), 664–672. doi:10.1109/TCS.1985.1085773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., & Huo, X. (2006). Theoretical results on sparse representations of multiple-measurement vectors. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 54(12), 4634–4643. doi:10.1109/TSP.2006.881263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cotter, S., Rao, B., Engan, K., & Kreutz-Delgado, K. (2005). Sparse solutions to linear inverse problems with multiple measurement vectors. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 53(7), 2477–2488. doi:10.1109/TSP.2005.849172.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Dewdney, P. E., Hall, P. J., Schilizzi, R. T., & Lazio, T. J. L. W. (2009). The square kilometre array. Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(8), 1482–1496. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2009.2021005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, W. A., Napolitano, A., & Paura, L. (2006). Cyclostationarity: Half a century of research. Signal Processing, 86(4), 639–697. doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2005.06.016. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165168405002409.

  • Gunaratne, T., & Bruton, L. (2008). Beamforming of broad-band bandpass plane waves using polyphase 2-D FIR trapezoidal filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 55(3), 838–850. doi:10.1109/TCSI.2008.916412.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Izzo, L., & Napolitano, A. (1996). Higher-order cyclostationarity properties of sampled time-series. Signal Processing, 54(3), 303–307. doi:10.1016/S0165-1684(96)00157-0. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165168496001570.

  • Jones, G. E. (2010). Instrumentation for wide bandwidth radio astronomy. Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology, 2009.

  • Joshi, R., Madanayake, A., Bruton, L., & Maini, M. (2011). Discrete-space continuous-time analog circuits for spatially-bandpass 2-D IIR beam filters. In 7th International workshop on multidimensional systems (pp. 1–7). doi:10.1109/nDS.2011.6076833.

  • Joshi, R., Madanayake, A., Adikari, J., & Bruton, L. (2012). Synthesis and array processor realization of a 2-D IIR beam filter for wireless applications. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 20(12), 2241–2254. doi:10.1109/TVLSI.2011.2174167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madanayake, A. (2008). Real-time FPGA architectures for space-time frequency-planar MDSP. Ph.D. thesis, University of Calgary.

  • Madanayake, A., & Bruton, L. T. (2010). Radio-frequency (RF) beamforming using systolic FPGA-based two dimensional (2-D) IIR space–time filters. VLSI InTech.

  • Madanayake, A., & Bruton, L. T. (2008). A speed-optimized systolic array processor architecture for spatio-temporal 2-D IIR broadband beam filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 55(7), 1953–1966. doi:10.1109/TCSI.2008.918214.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Madanayake, A., Wijenayake, C., Dansereau, D. G., Gunaratne, T. K., Bruton, L. T., & Williams, S. B. (2013). Multidimensional (MD) circuits and systems for emerging applications including cognitive radio, radio astronomy, robot vision and imaging. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, 13(1), 10–43. doi:10.1109/MCAS.2012.2237141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madanayake, A., Wijenayake, C., Joshi, R., Almalkawi, M., Belostotski, L., Bruton, L., et al. (2014). Electronically scanned RF-to-bits beam aperture arrays using 2-D IIR spatially bandpass digital filters. Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing, 25(2), 313–335. doi:10.1007/s11045-013-0250-7.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Mishali, M., & Eldar, Y. (2010). From theory to practice: Sub-Nyquist sampling of sparse wideband analog signals. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 4(2), 375–391. doi:10.1109/JSTSP.2010.2042414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishali, M., & Eldar, Y. (2011). Wideband spectrum sensing at sub-Nyquist rates [applications corner]. Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, 28(4), 102–135. doi:10.1109/MSP.2011.941094.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta, A., Madanayake, A., Gómez-García, R., & Engeberg, E. D. (2014). Wideband aperture array using RF channelizers and massively-parallel digital 2D IIR filterbank. In SPIE defense+ security, international society for optics and photonics (pp. 90,771G–90,771G).

  • Smale, D. A. (2011). Pulsars. High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC).

  • Stairs, I. H., et al. (2009). Gravitational science with pulsars and the square kilometre array. In 13th international symposium on ANTEM/URSI (pp. 1–2). doi:10.1109/ANTEMURSI.2009.4805115.

  • Stepp, L. M., & Roberto Gilmozzi H. J. H. (Ed.) (2010). DSS-28: a novel wide bandwidth radio telescope devoted to educational outreach, Vol. 7733, SPIE Proceedings.

  • Tkachenko, A., Cabric, D., & Brodersen, R. (2007). Cyclostationary feature detector experiments using reconfigurable BEE2. In 2nd IEEE international symposium on new frontiers in dynamic spectrum access networks, 2007. DySPAN 2007 (pp. 216–219). doi:10.1109/DYSPAN.2007.36.

  • Venkataramani, R., & Bresler, Y. (2000). Perfect reconstruction formulas and bounds on aliasing error in sub-Nyquist nonuniform sampling of multiband signals. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 46(6), 2173–2183. doi:10.1109/18.868487.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA

    Arjuna Madanayake, Tharindu Randeny, Nilan Udayanga & Arindam Sengupta

  2. Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Glenn Jones

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

    Chamith Wijenayake

  4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Len T. Bruton

Authors
  1. Arjuna Madanayake
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tharindu Randeny
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nilan Udayanga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Arindam Sengupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Glenn Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chamith Wijenayake
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Len T. Bruton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arjuna Madanayake.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Madanayake, A., Randeny, T., Udayanga, N. et al. Applications of RF aperture-array spatially-bandpass 2-D IIR filters in sub-Nyquist spectrum sensing, wideband doppler radar and radio astronomy beamforming. Multidim Syst Sign Process 28, 1523–1548 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-016-0423-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-016-0423-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation