Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel gateway (GW) selection protocol in hybrid Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). We focus on the situation that occurs when specialized, sensitive data is sent to the Internet from MANET nodes. These special data types are especially susceptible to security risks such as information leak and data falsification. Therefore, it is necessary for such special data to be forwarded by a secure/trusted GW which is controlled by a trusted network administrator. However, there should be multiple GWs deployed in a MANET, where the cost ineffectiveness makes it difficult for a network administrator to simultaneously manage every GW. Because of the risk of forwarding special data through an unmaintained GW, we propose a routing protocol which allows a source node to have sensitive data forwarded to the Internet through a trusted GW. To achieve this desirable performance, we improve upon one of the newest routing protocols, Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO), which works in consideration of application data. Through simulations, we evaluate our protocol in comparison with the conventional DYMO protocol. The results show that our protocol can make MANET source nodes choose GWs for specific data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hu Y-C, Perrig A, Johnson D (2003) Rushing attacks and defense in wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. In: Proc of the 2003 ACM workshop on wireless security (WiSe ’03), pp 30–40
Hu Y-C, Perrig A, Johnson D (2006) Wormhole attacks in wireless networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 24(2):370–380
Kannhavong B, Nakayama H, Nemoto Y, Kato N, Jamalipour A (2007) A survey of routing attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 14(5):85–91
Sanzgiri K, LaFlamme D, Dahill B, Levine BN, Shields C, Belding-Royer EM (2005) Authenticated routing for ad hoc networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 23(3):598–610
Zhou L, Haas Z (1999) Securing ad hoc networks. IEEE Netw 13(6):24–30
Papadimitratos P, Haas Z (2003) Secure data transmission in mobile ad hoc networks. In: Proc of the 2003 ACM workshop on wireless security (WiSE ’03), pp 41–50
Chakeres I, Perkins C (2008) Dynamic MANET on-demand (DYMO) routing. IETF Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-manet-dymo-16
Matsuda T, Nakayama H, Shen S, Nemoto Y, Kato N (2008) On gateway selection protocol for DYMO-based MANET. In: Proc 4th IEEE int conf on wireless and mobile computing, networking and communications (WIMOB’08), Avignon, France, pp 32–37
Sun Y, Belding-Royer EM, Perkins CE (2002) Internet connectivity for ad hoc mobile networks. Int J Wirel Inf Netw 9(2):75–88
Perkins CE, Belding-Royer EM, Das SR (2003) Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing. RFC3561
Perkins C (2002) IP mobility support for IPv4. RFC3344
Ruiz PM, Ros FJ, Gomez-Skarmeta A (2005) Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks: solutions and challenges. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 43(10):118–125
Ghassemian M, Hofmann P, Prehofer C, Friderikos V, Aghvami H (2004) Performance analysis of internet gateway discovery protocols in ad hoc networks. In: Wireless communications and networking conference, 2004 WCNC, vol 1. IEEE, pp 120–125
Rakesh K, Manoj M, Sarje AK (2007) An efficient gateway discovery in ad hoc networks for internet connectivity. In: Proc of computational intelligence and multimedia applications, pp 275–282
Johnson D, Hu Y-C, Maltz D (2007) The dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) for mobile ad hoc networks for IPv4. RFC4728
Clausen ET, Jacquet EP (2003) Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR). RFC3626
Ogier R, Templin F, Lewis M (2004) Topology dissemination based on reverse-path forwarding (TBRPF). RFC3684
Chakeres ID, Macker JP (2007) Mobile ad hoc networking and the IETF. ACM SIGMOBILE Mob Comput Commun Rev 11(4):80–82
Clausen T, Dearlove C, Dean J, Adjih C (2008) Generalized manet packet/message format. IETF Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-manet-packetbb-17
Galvez JJ, Ruiz PM (2007) Design and performance evaluation of multipath extensions for the DYMO protocol. In: Proc of the 32nd IEEE conference on local computer networks (LCN ’07). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp 885–892
Rifa-Pous H, Herrera-Joancomarti J (2007) Secure dynamic MANET on-demand (SEDYMO) routing protocol. In: Proc of the fifth annual conference on communication networks and services research (CNSR), pp 372–380
Johnson D, Lysko A (2008) Comparison of MANET routing protocols using a scaled indoor wireless grid. Mob Netw Appl 13(1–2):82–96
Sommer C, Dressier F (2007) The DYMO routing protocol in VANET scenarios. In: Vehicular technology conference, 2007. VTC-2007 Fall. 2007 IEEE 66th, 30 2007-3 October 2007, pp 16–20
Almquist P (1992) Type of service in the internet protocol suite. RFC1349
Nichols K, Blake S, Baker F, Black D (1998) Definition of the differentiated services field (DS field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 headers. RFC2474
Ramakrishnan K, Floyd S, Black D (2001) The addition of explicit congestion notification (ecn) to ip. RFC3168
Bettstetter C, Resta G, Santi P (2003) The node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model for wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 2(3):257–269
Acknowledgements
This work was supported through the International Communications Research Grant (A Study on Reliable Ad hoc Networks, 2009), International Communications Foundation (ICF).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Matsuda, T., Nakayama, H., Shen, X.(. et al. Gateway Selection Protocol in Hybrid MANET Using DYMO Routing. Mobile Netw Appl 15, 205–215 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-009-0173-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-009-0173-6