[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Hydrogel-Based Photocatalysts: Applications in Environmental Remediation and Energy Conversion

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Photocatalysis, a green energy technology that effectively addresses environmental pollution and energy scarcity, has garnered significant attention. However, the widespread use of powdered photocatalysts poses low utilization of irradiation light and separation efficiency, and recycling challenges. To address these challenges, hydrogel photocatalysts with enhanced activity and stability have been developed by incorporating active substances into hydrogels for environmental remediation and energy conversion. In this review, we summarize various studies conducted in recent years, focusing primarily on diverse hydrogel-based photocatalysts that exhibit significant potential for the removal of pollutants from wastewater and in energy conversion applications. The review offers a classification of hydrogel-based photocatalysts, encompassing graphene hydrogel-based, natural polymer hydrogel-based, and free-radical polymerization hydrogel-based photocatalysts. Furthermore, it systematically summarizes the recent advancements in the application of hydrogel-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation, including the treatment of dyes, antibiotics, heavy metal ions, and pesticides, as well as for energy conversion processes such as hydrogen production, H2O2 generation and CO2 conversion. Finally, this review offers insights and recommendations for the further development of hydrogel-based photocatalysts, aiming to foster the progress of photochemical catalysis in the future.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  1. Song J, Chen Y, Luan F (2023) Air pollution, water pollution, and robots: is technology the panacea. J Environ Manage 330:117170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang Q, Yang Z (2016) Industrial water pollution, water environment treatment, and health risks in China. Environ Pollut 218:358–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Xue X-y, Cheng R, Shi L, Ma Z, Zheng X (2016) Nanomaterials for water pollution monitoring and remediation. Environ Chem Lett 15:23–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Yu J, Zhang T, Wu N (2021) Solar photocatalysis. Sol RRL 5:2100037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Gallagher J (2017) Photocatalysis: into the dark. Nat Energy 2:16211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lau VW-H, Klose D, Kasap H, Podjaski F, Pignié M-C, Reisner E, Jeschke G, Lotsch BV (2016) Dark photocatalysis: Storage of solar energy in carbon nitride for time-delayed hydrogen generation. Angew Chem Int Ed 56:510–514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Malhotra M, Poonia K, Singh P, Khan AAP, Thakur P, Van Le Q, Helmy ET, Ahamad T, Nguyen V-H, Thakur S, Raizada P (2024) An overview of improving photocatalytic activity of MnO2 via the Z-scheme approach for environmental and energy applications. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 158:104945

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Luo J, Zhang S, Sun M, Yang L, Luo S, Crittenden JC (2019) A critical review on energy conversion and environmental remediation of photocatalysts with remodeling crystal lattice, surface, and interface. ACS Nano 13:9811–9840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Li X, Wang C, Tang J (2022) Methane transformation by photocatalysis. Nat Rev Mater 7:617–632

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Masih D, Ma Y, Rohani S (2017) Graphitic C3N4 based noble-metal-free photocatalyst systems: a review. Appl Catal B 206:556–588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Jiang L, Zhou S, Yang J, Wang H, Yu H, Chen H, Zhao Y, Yuan X, Chu W, Li H (2021) Near-Infrared light responsive TiO2 for efficient solar energy utilization. Adv Funct Mater 32:2108977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sun C, Yang J, Xu M, Cui Y, Ren W, Zhang J, Zhao H, Liang B (2022) Recent intensification strategies of SnO2-based photocatalysts: a review. Chem Eng J 427:131564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nemiwal M, Zhang TC, Kumar D (2021) Recent progress in g-C3N4, TiO2 and ZnO based photocatalysts for dye degradation: strategies to improve photocatalytic activity. Sci Total Environ 767:144896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sharma S, Dutta V, Raizada P, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Singh P, Nguyen V-H (2021) Tailoring cadmium sulfide-based photocatalytic nanomaterials for water decontamination: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19:271–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Krishnamoorthy M, Ahmad NH, Amran HN, Mohamed MA, Kaus NHM, Yusoff SFM (2021) BiFeO3 immobilized within liquid natural rubber-based hydrogel with enhanced adsorption-photocatalytic performance. Int J Biol Macromol 182:1495–1506

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang L, Ran J, Qiao S-Z, Jaroniec M (2019) Characterization of semiconductor photocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 48:5184–5206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hao L, Huang H, Zhang Y, Ma T (2021) Oxygen vacant semiconductor photocatalysts. Adv Funct Mater 31:2100919

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ma X, Wen G (2020) Development history and synthesis of super-absorbent polymers: a review. J Polym Res 27:136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Correa S, Grosskopf AK, Lopez Hernandez H, Chan D, Yu AC, Stapleton LM, Appel EA (2021) Translational applications of hydrogels. Chem Rev 121:11385–11457

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Herrmann A, Haag R, Schedler U (2021) Hydrogels and their role in Biosensing Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 10:2100062

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kumar N, Gusain R, Pandey S, Ray SS (2023) Hydrogel Nanocomposite adsorbents and photocatalysts for Sustainable Water Purification. Adv Mater Interfaces 10:2201375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Li N, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Jiao T (2022) Recent developments in functional nanocomposite photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: a review. Adv Sustainable Syst 6:2200106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang F, Li Y-H, Li J-Y, Tang Z-R, Xu Y-J (2019) 3D graphene-based gel photocatalysts for environmental pollutants degradation. Environ Pollut 253:365–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liao W, Zhao M, Rong H, Jiang P, Liao Q, Zhang C, Chen Y (2022) Photocatalyst immobilized by hydrogel, efficient degradation and self regeneration: a review. Mater Sci Semicond Process 150:106929

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Du H, Shi S, Liu W, Teng H, Piao M (2020) Processing and modification of hydrogel and its application in emerging contaminant adsorption and in catalyst immobilization: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:12967–12994

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Weerasundara L, Gabriele B, Figoli A, Ok Y-S, Bundschuh J (2021) Hydrogels: novel materials for contaminant removal in water-A review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 51:1970–2014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dhull P, Sudhaik A, Sharma V, Raizada P, Hasija V, Gupta N, Ahamad T, Nguyen V-H, Kim A, Shokouhimehr M, Kim SY, Le QV, Singh P (2023) An overview on InVO4-based photocatalysts: electronic properties, synthesis, enhancement strategies, and photocatalytic applications. Mol Catal 539:113013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Parwaz Khan AA, Singh P, Raizada P, Khan A, Asiri AM, Alotaibi MM (2023) Photo-Fenton assisted AgCl and P-doped g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalyst coupled with Fe3O4/H2O2 system for 2, 4-dimethylphenol degradation. Chemosphere 316:137839

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Mateo D, Albero J, García H (2017) Photoassisted methanation using Cu2O nanoparticles supported on graphene as a photocatalyst. Energy Environ Sci 10:2392–2400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang H, Yang C, Du Z, Pan D, Zhong X (2017) Graphene hydrogel-based counter electrode for high efficiency quantum dot-sensitized solar cells. J Mater Chem A 5:1614–1622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kheirabadi M, Samadi M, Asadian E, Zhou Y, Dong C, Zhang J, Moshfegh AZ (2019) Well-designed Ag/ZnO/3D graphene structure for dye removal: Adsorption, photocatalysis and physical separation capabilities. J Colloid Interface Sci 537:66–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zheng ALT, Che Abdullah CA, Andou Y (2023) Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Water Remediation Applications. In: Shanker U, Hussain CM, Rani M (eds) Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham, pp 1097–1122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16101-8_36

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Zheng ALT, Ohno T, Andou Y (2022) Recent progress in Photocatalytic Efficiency of Hybrid three-Dimensional (3D) Graphene architectures for Pollution Remediation. Top Catal 65:1634–1647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zheng ALT, Boonyuen S, Andou Y (2023) Porous graphene-based materials for enhanced adsorption towards emerging micropollutants (EMs). In: Grace AN, Sonar P, Bhardwaj P, Chakravorty A (eds) Handbook of porous Carbon materials. Materials Horizons: from nature to nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore, pp 547–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7188-4_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu A, Wei Z, Liu S (2017) Construction of three-dimensional Hemin-Functionalized graphene hydrogel with high mechanical stability and adsorption capacity for enhancing photodegradation of methylene blue. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:4006–4014

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cui W, He J, Wang H, Hu J, Liu L, Liang Y (2018) Polyaniline hybridization promotes photo-electro-catalytic removal of organic contaminants over 3D network structure of rGH-PANI/TiO2 hydrogel. Appl Catal B 232:232–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ma C, Xie Z, Seo WC, Ud Din ST, Lee J, Kim Y, Jung H, Yang W (2021) Carbon dot-coupled BiVO4/reduced graphene hydrogel for significant enhancement of photocatalytic activity: antibiotic degradation and CO2 reduction. Appl Surf Sci 565:150564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Chen Z, Li X, Xu Q, Tao Z, Yao F, Huang X, Wu Y, Wang D, Jiang P, Yang Q (2020) Three-dimensional network space Ag3PO4/NP-CQDs/rGH for enhanced organic pollutant photodegradation: synergetic photocatalysis activity/stability and effect of real water quality parameters. Chem Eng J 390:124454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Yang J, Chen Y, Zhao L, Zhang J, Luo H (2023) Constructions and properties of physically cross-linked Hydrogels based on natural polymers. Polym Rev 63:574–612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Teodorescu M, Bercea M, Morariu S (2018) Biomaterials of poly(vinyl alcohol) and natural polymers. Polym Rev 58:247–287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Talebi N, Lopes D, Lopes J, Macário-Soares A, Dan AK, Ghanbari R, Kahkesh KH, Peixoto D, Giram PS, Raza F, Veiga F, Sharifi E, Hamishehkar H, Paiva-Santos AC (2023) Natural polymeric nanofibers in transdermal drug delivery. Appl Mater Today 30:101726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Guo L, Liang Z, Yang L, Du W, Yu T, Tang H, Li C, Qiu H (2021) The role of natural polymers in bone tissue engineering. J Controlled Release 338:571–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Liu D, Dong X, Han B, Huang H, Qi M (2020) Cellulose nanocrystal/collagen hydrogels reinforced by anisotropic structure: Shear viscoelasticity and related strengthening mechanism. Compos Commun 21:100374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Shuai F, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Zhao H, Han X (2021) Fabrication of an injectable iron (III) crosslinked alginate-hyaluronic acid hydrogel with shear-thinning and antimicrobial activities. Carbohydr Polym 260:117777

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Guo K, Zhu W, Wang J, Sun W, Zhou S, He M (2021) Fabrication of gradient anisotropic cellulose hydrogels for applications in micro-strain sensing. Carbohydr Polym 258:117694

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ino K, Fukuda MT, Hiramoto K, Taira N, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H (2020) Fabrication of three-dimensional calcium alginate hydrogels using sacrificial templates of sugar. J Biosci Bioeng 130:539–544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Pita-López ML, Fletes-Vargas G, Espinosa-Andrews H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R (2021) Physically cross-linked chitosan-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: a state-of-the-art review. Eur Polym J 145:110176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhao J, Sun C, Li H, Dong X, Zhang X (2020) Studies on the physicochemical properties, gelling behavior and drug release performance of agar/κ-carrageenan mixed hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 154:878–887

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Balakrishnan A, Appunni S, Chinthala M, Vo D-VN (2022) Biopolymer-supported TiO2 as a sustainable photocatalyst for wastewater treatment: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20:3071–3098

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Balakrishnan A, Appunni S, Chinthala M, Jacob MM, Vo D-VN, Reddy SS, Kunnel ES (2023) Chitosan-based beads as sustainable adsorbents for wastewater remediation: a review. Environ Chem Lett 21:1881–1905

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Jiang R, Zhu H-Y, Fu Y-Q, Jiang S-T, Zong E-M, Zhu J-Q, Zhu Y-Y, Chen L-F (2021) Colloidal CdS sensitized nano-ZnO/chitosan hydrogel with fast and efficient photocatalytic removal of Congo red under solar light irradiation. Int J Biol Macromol 174:52–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ponce J, Peña J, Román J, Pastor JM (2022) Recyclable photocatalytic composites based on natural hydrogels for dye degradation in wastewaters. Sep Purif Technol 299:121759

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Zhang W, Liu F, Sun Y, Zhang J, Hao Z (2019) Simultaneous redox conversion and sequestration of chromate(VI) and arsenite(III) by iron(III)-alginate based photocatalysis. Appl Catal B 259:118046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Xing J, Li J, Yang F, Fu Y, Huang J, Bai Y, Bai B (2022) Cyclic enrichment of chromium based on valence state transformation in metal-free photocatalytic reductive imprinted composite hydrogel. Sci Total Environ 839:156367

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Balakrishnan A, Vijaya Suryaa K, Chinthala M, Kumar A (2024) Mechanistic insights of PO43– functionalized carbon nitride homojunction hydrogels in photocatalytic-self-Fenton-peroxymonosulfate system for tetracycline degradation. J Colloid Interface Sci 669:366–382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Balakrishnan A, Chinthala M, Polagani RK (2024) 3D kaolinite/g-C3N4-alginate beads as an affordable and sustainable photocatalyst for wastewater remediation. Carbohydr Polym 323:121420

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Balakrishnan A, Sasidharan R, Chinthala M, Kumar A (2024) Fabrication of efficient na, B, and O codoped g-C3N4/Polypyrrole-Carbon Black 3D beads for Expeditious Degradation of Tetracycline via Percarbonate activation. Ind Eng Chem Res 63:2605–2618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Lamkhao S, Tandorn S, Rujijanagul G, Randorn C (2023) A practical approach using a novel porous photocatalyst/hydrogel composite for wastewater treatment. Mater Today Sustain 23:100482

    Google Scholar 

  59. Wang J, Wang L, Ren Y, Zhao H, Li H, Niu X, Zhang D, Wang Y, Wang K (2024) Synthesis of N-GQDs/CuS/Cv-CNNs hydrogels and their performance in hexavalent chromium wastewater treatment. New J Chem 48:11487–11495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Scarpa JS, Mueller DD, Klotz IM (1967) Slow hydrogen-deuterium exchange in a non-.alpha.-helical polyamide. J Am Chem Soc 89:6024–6030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. S JHK, K. I HM, J. H (1997) Molecular assembling by the radiation pressure of a focused laser beam- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous solution. Langmuir 13:414–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Li P, Sun W, Li J, Chen J-P, Wang X, Mei Z, Jin G, Lei Y, Xin R, Yang M, Xu J, Pan X, Song C, Deng X-Y, Lei X, Liu K, Wang X, Zheng Y, Zhu J, Lv S, Zhang Z, Dai X, Lei T (2024) N-type semiconducting hydrogel. Science 384:557–563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Myint KTT, Ge JG, Niu HJY, Chen J, Jiao Z (2020) A separation-free and pizza-structure PAM/GCN/PAA composite hydrogel (PCH) in wastewater treatment at visible light or solar light. Sci Total Environ 705:135821

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Kuckhoff T, Landfester K, Zhang KAI, Ferguson CTJ (2021) Photocatalytic hydrogels with a high transmission Polymer Network for Pollutant Remediation. Chem Mater 33:9131–9138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Song L, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Li A (2022) Green strategy with high iron utilization for cr(VI) removal via sodium polyacrylate-based hydrogel. Chem Eng J 442:136162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Tkaczyk A, Mitrowska K, Posyniak A (2020) Synthetic organic dyes as contaminants of the aquatic environment and their implications for ecosystems: a review. Sci Total Environ 717:137222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Godiya CB, Martins Ruotolo LA, Cai W (2020) Functional biobased hydrogels for the removal of aqueous hazardous pollutants: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. J Mater Chem A 8:21585–21612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Ihaddaden S, Aberkane D, Boukerroui A, Robert D (2022) Removal of methylene blue (basic dye) by coagulation-flocculation with biomaterials (bentonite and Opuntia ficus indica). J Water Process Eng 49:102952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Miyashiro CS, Mateus GAP, dos Santos TRT, Paludo MP, Bergamasco R, Fagundes-Klen MR (2021) Synthesis and performance evaluation of a magnetic biocoagulant in the removal of reactive black 5 dye in aqueous medium. Mater Sci Eng C 119:111523

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Liu J, Wang N, Zhang H, Baeyens J (2019) Adsorption of Congo red dye on FexCo3-xO4 nanoparticles. J Environ Manage 238:473–483

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Liu J, Yang R, Wang Y, Hua F, Tong S (2022) Cationic cellulose nanofibers with efficient anionic dye adsorption: adsorption mechanism and application in salt-free dyeing of paper. Cellulose 29:2047–2061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Li D, Zhan W, Gao X, Wang Q, Li L, Zhang J, Cai G, Zuo W, Tian Y (2023) Aminated waste paper membrane for efficient and rapid filtration of anionic dyes and antibiotics from water. Chem Eng J 455:140641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Liu H, Zhang J, Lu M, Liang L, Zhang H, Wei J (2020) Biosynthesis based membrane filtration coupled with iron nanoparticles reduction process in removal of dyes. Chem Eng J 387:124202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Zhao J, Liu H, Xue P, Tian S, Sun S, Lv X (2021) Highly-efficient PVDF adsorptive membrane filtration based on chitosan@CNTs-COOH simultaneous removal of anionic and cationic dyes. Carbohydr Polym 274:118664

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Haris M, Zavabeti A, Khan MW, Murdoch BJ, Paz-Ferreiro J, Mahmood N, Eshtiaghi N (2022) Carbon encapsulated iron oxide for simultaneous Fenton degradation and adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from water. J Environ Chem Eng 10:108968

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Kim SH, Seo J, Hong Y, Shin Y, Chung H-J, An H-R, Kim C, Park J-I, Lee HU (2023) Construction of an underwater plasma and Fenton hybrid system for the rapid oxidation of organic dyes and antibiotics. J Water Process Eng 52:103519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Pandey S, Son N, Kim S, Balakrishnan D, Kang M (2022) Locust Bean gum-based hydrogels embedded magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles nanocomposite: Advanced materials for environmental and energy applications. Environ Res 214:114000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Kaur M, Sandhu S, Toor AP, Singh V (2022) Time-dependent mechanistic insight into photo-degradation of mixed hydrophobic disperse dyes by magnetically separable nitrogen iron codoped titania under visible light using process variable optimization. J Clean Prod 342:130940

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Faryad S, Azhar U, Tahir MB, Ali W, Arif M, Sagir M (2023) Spinach-derived boron-doped g-C3N4/TiO2 composites for efficient photo-degradation of methylene blue dye. Chemosphere 320:138002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Wang X, Zhu J, Yu X, Fu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y (2021) Enhanced removal of organic pollutant by separable and recyclable rGH-PANI/BiOI photocatalyst via the synergism of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation under visible light. J Mater Sci Technol 77:19–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Zhao H, Li Y (2021) Removal of heavy metal ion by floatable hydrogel and reusability of its waste material in photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Wei Y-Y, Sun X-T, Xu Z-R (2018) One-step synthesis of bifunctional PEGDA/TiO2 composite film by photopolymerization for the removal of Congo red. Appl Surf Sci 445:437–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Ranjbar-Mohammadi M, Rahimdokht M, Pajootan E (2019) Low cost hydrogels based on gum tragacanth and TiO2 nanoparticles: characterization and RBFNN modelling of methylene blue dye removal. Int J Biol Macromol 134:967–975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Krishnamoorthy M, Mohamed MA, Kaus NHM, Yusoff SFM (2022) Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of cationic dyes over bismuth ferrite (BFO) intercalated on liquid natural rubber-based hydrogel compound.J. Ind Eng Chem 116:447–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Taghizadeh MT, Siyahi V, Ashassi-Sorkhabi H, Zarrini G (2020) ZnO, AgCl and AgCl/ZnO nanocomposites incorporated chitosan in the form of hydrogel beads for photocatalytic degradation of MB, E. coli and S. aureus.  Int J Biol Macromol Macromol 147:1018–1028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Ren J-X, Zhu J-L, Shi S-C, Yin M-Q, Huang H-D, Li Z-M (2022) In-situ structuring a robust cellulose hydrogel with ZnO/SiO2 heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic degradation. Carbohydr Polym 296:119957

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Sharma G, Kumar A, Naushad M, Thakur B, Vo D-VN, Gao B, Al-Kahtani AA, Stadler FJ (2021) Adsorptional-photocatalytic removal of fast sulphon black dye by using chitin-cl-poly(itaconic acid-co-acrylamide)/zirconium tungstate nanocomposite hydrogel. J Hazard Mater 416:125714

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Danner M-C, Robertson A, Behrends V, Reiss J (2019) Antibiotic pollution in surface fresh waters: occurrence and effects. Sci Total Environ 664:793–804

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Xue C, Zheng C, Zhao Q, Sun S (2022) Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in cultured prawns from rice-prawn co-culture and prawn monoculture systems in China. Sci Total Environ 806:150307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Xiang M, Li Y, Yang J, Lei K, Li Y, Li F, Zheng D, Fang X, Cao Y (2021) Heavy metal contamination risk assessment and correlation analysis of heavy metal contents in soil and crops. Environ Pollut 278:116911

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wang D, Yu D, Wu C (2023) Lignin-based adsorbents for heavy metals. Ind Crops Prod 193:116119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Wang L, Zhang Q, Liao X, Li X, Zheng S, Zhao F (2021) Phytoexclusion of heavy metals using low heavy metal accumulating cultivars: a green technology. J Hazard Mater 413:125427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Tang J, Liu Z, Liu W, Finfrock YZ, Ye Z, Liu X, Liu P (2022) Application of Fe-doped biochar in cr(VI) removal from washing wastewater and residual cr(VI) immobilization in contaminated soil. J Clean Prod 380:134973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Xia S, Song Z, Jeyakumar P, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Ok YS, Bolan N, Wang H (2019) A critical review on bioremediation technologies for cr(VI)-contaminated soils and wastewater. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 49:1027–1078

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Pei Y, Tao C, Ling Z, Yu Z, Ji J, Khan A, Mamtimin T, Liu P, Li X (2020) Exploring novel cr(VI) remediation genes for cr(VI)-contaminated industrial wastewater treatment by comparative metatranscriptomics and metagenomics. Sci Total Environ 742:140435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Yang J, Guo Q, Li L, Wang R, Chen Y, Wang X (2023) Insights into the evolution of cr(VI) species in long-term hexavalent chromium contaminated soil. Sci Total Environ 858:160149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Fan D, Lu Y, Zhang H, Xu H, Lu C, Tang Y, Yang X (2021) Synergy of photocatalysis and photothermal effect in integrated 0D perovskite oxide/2D MXene heterostructures for simultaneous water purification and solar steam generation. Appl Catal B 295:120285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Liu J, Lin H, He Y, Dong Y, Gueret Yadiberet Menzembere ER (2020) Novel CoS2/MoS2@Zeolite with excellent adsorption and photocatalytic performance for tetracycline removal in simulated wastewater. J Clean Prod 260:121047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Guo X, Yang F, Sun X, Han C, Bai Y, Liu G, Liu W, Wang R (2022) Fabrication of a novel separation-free heterostructured photocatalyst with enhanced visible light activity in photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. J Mater Chem A 10:3146–3158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Chen F, An W, Liu L, Liang Y, Cui W (2017) Highly efficient removal of bisphenol A by a three-dimensional graphene hydrogel-AgBr@rGO exhibiting adsorption/photocatalysis synergy. Appl Catal B 217:65–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Yang R, Song G, Wang L, Yang Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang S, Ding L, Ren N, Wang A, Yu X (2021) Full solar-spectrum-driven antibacterial therapy over hierarchical Sn3O4/PDINH with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Small 17:2102744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Nosaka Y, Nosaka AY (2017) Generation and detection of reactive oxygen species in Photocatalysis. Chem Rev 117:11302–11336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Song M, Cheng Y, Tian Y, Chu C, Zhang C, Lu Z, Chen X, Pang X, Liu G (2020) Sonoactivated chemodynamic therapy: a robust ROS generation nanotheranostic eradicates multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. Adv Funct Mater 30:2003587

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Wang S, Yu G, Wang Z, Jacobson O, Lin L-S, Yang W, Deng H, He Z, Liu Y, Chen Z-Y, Chen X (2019) Enhanced antitumor efficacy by a cascade of reactive oxygen species generation and drug release. Angew Chem Int Ed 58:14758–14763

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Ou R, Zeng Z, Ning X, Zeng B, Wu C (2022) Improved photocatalytic performance of N-doped ZnO/graphene/ZnO sandwich composites. Appl Surf Sci 577:151856

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Li H, Ding J, Cai S, Zhang W, Zhang X, Wu T, Wang C, Foss M, Yang R (2022) Plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic properties of Au/ZnO nanowires. Appl Surf Sci 583:152539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Li Y, Peng Y-K, Hu L, Zheng J, Prabhakaran D, Wu S, Puchtler TJ, Li M, Wong K-Y, Taylor RA, Tsang SCE (2019) Photocatalytic water splitting by N-TiO2 on MgO (111) with exceptional quantum efficiencies at elevated temperatures. Nat Commun 10:4421

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  108. Chandrasekar M, Subash M, Perumal V, Panimalar S, Aravindan S, Uthrakumar R, Inmozhi C, Isaev AB, Muniyasamy S, Raja A, Kaviyarasu K (2022) Specific charge separation of Sn doped MgO nanoparticles for photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation. Sep Purif Technol 294:121189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Duosiken D, Yang R, Dai Y, Marfavi Z, Lv Q, Li H, Sun K, Tao K (2022) Near-Infrared light-excited reactive oxygen species generation by thulium oxide nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 144:2455–2459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Jia Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cheng J, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Yin X, Song F, Cui H (2023) Novel CdS/PANI/MWCNTs photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of xanthate in wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 309:123022

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Di T, Deng Q, Wang G, Wang S, Wang L, Ma Y (2022) Photodeposition of CoOx and MoS2 on CdS as dual cocatalysts for Photocatalytic H2 production. J Mater Sci Technol 124:209–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Feng Y-X, Wang H-J, Wang J-W, Zhang W, Zhang M, Lu T-B (2021) Stand-alone CdS nanocrystals for Photocatalytic CO2 reduction with high efficiency and selectivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:26573–26580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Shen R, Ren D, Ding Y, Guan Y, Ng YH, Zhang P, Li X (2020) Nanostructured CdS for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution: a review. Sci China Mater 63:2153–2188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Ge J, Lan M, Liu W, Jia Q, Guo L, Zhou B, Meng X, Niu G, Wang P (2016) Graphene quantum dots as efficient, metal-free, visible -light-active photocatalysts. Sci China Mater 59:12–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Liao Q, Wang D, Ke C, Zhang Y, Han Q, Zhang Y, Xi K (2021) Metal-free Fenton-like photocatalysts based on covalent organic frameworks. Appl Catal B 298:120548

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Zhang S, Yi W, Guo Y, Ai R, Yuan Z, Yang B, Wang J (2021) Metal-free g-C3N4 nanosheets as a highly visible-light-active photocatalyst for thiol-ene reactions. Nanoscale 13:3493–3499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Rahman MZ, Kibria MG, Mullins CB (2020) Metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Chem Soc Rev 49:1887–1931

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Behzadi Nia S, Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H (2020) Carboxymethylcellulose/layered double hydroxides bio-nanocomposite hydrogel: A controlled Amoxicillin nanocarrier for colonic bacterial infections treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 155:1401–1409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Liu L, Shi J, Sun X, Zhang Y, Qin J, Peng S, Xu J, Song L, Zhang Y (2022) Thermo-responsive hydrogel-supported antibacterial material with persistent photocatalytic activity for continuous sterilization and wound healing. Compos Part B 229:109459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Teng Z, Yang N, Lv H, Wang S, Hu M, Wang C, Wang D, Wang G (2019) Edge-functionalized g-C3N4 nanosheets as a highly efficient metal-free photocatalyst for safe drinking water. Chem 5:664–680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Wu Q, Cao J, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Huang H, Liao F, Shao M, Kang Z (2021) A metal-free photocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen peroxide photoproduction in real seawater. Nat Commun 12:483

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Miao R, Liu H, Lei Q, Zhong L, Zhang L, He J, Ma Z, Yao Y (2022) Single-organic component g-C3.6N4 achieves superior photoactivity antibacterial. Chem Eng J 440:135873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Sun S, Yang J, Liu Y, Xie Y, Mwabulili F (2023) Porous graphitic phase carbon nitride/graphene oxide hydrogel microspheres for efficient and recyclable degradation of aflatoxin B1 in peanut oil. Food Chem 417:135964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Boruah PK, Das MR (2020) Dual responsive magnetic Fe3O4-TiO2/graphene nanocomposite as an artificial nanozyme for the colorimetric detection and photodegradation of pesticide in an aqueous medium. J Hazard Mater 385:121516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Piccirillo G, De Sousa RB, Dias LD, Calvete MJF (2023) Degradation of pesticides using semiconducting and tetrapyrrolic macrocyclic photocatalysts-A concise review. Molecules 28:7677

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Wen Y, Feng M, Zhang P, Zhou H-C, Sharma VK, Ma X (2021) Metal Organic frameworks (MOFs) as photocatalysts for the Degradation of Agricultural Pollutants in Water. ACS ES&T Eng 1:804–826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Ferhi S, Vieillard J, Garau C, Poultier O, Demey L, Beaulieu R, Penalva P, Gobert V, Portet-Koltalo F (2021) Pilot-scale direct UV-C photodegradation of pesticides in groundwater and recycled wastewater for agricultural use. J Environ Chem Eng 9:106120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Yue C, Zhou H, Chen L, Wang H, Wu X, Yan Q, Zhang H, Yang S (2024) Efficient visible light-driven photodegradation of glyphosate utilizing Bi2WO6 with oxygen vacancies: performance, mechanism, and toxicity assessment. Environ Pollut 348:123876

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wang H, Xiao B, Zhang W, Zhao X, Lv T, Thangamuthu M, Zhang J, Guo Y, Ma J, Lin L, Tang J, Huang R, Liu Q (2022) Single-atom Cu anchored catalysts for photocatalytic renewable H2 production with a quantum efficiency of 56%. Nat Commun 13:58

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Zhou Y, Feng S, Ma C, Wu W, Ye Z, Dai X, Wang Y, Cao X (2022) Fabrication of novel Mn0.43Cd0.57S/ZnCo2O4 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst with efficient charge separation for highly enhanced visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution. Ceram Int 48:31334–31343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Shi X, Dai C, Wang X, Hu J, Zhang J, Zheng L, Mao L, Zheng H, Zhu M (2022) Protruding pt single-sites on hexagonal ZnIn2S4 to accelerate photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun 13:1287

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Hu N, Wang W, Lei L, Fan H, Tan Y, Yuan H, Mao Z, Müller-Buschbaum P, Zhong Q (2021) A hydrogen evolution system based on hybrid nanogel films with capabilities of spontaneous moisture collection and high light harvesting. Green Chem 23:8969–8978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Wu D, Liu H, Chen J, Liu W, Histand G, Wang T (2020) Cu NPs-embedded cross-linked microporous 3D reduced graphene hydrogels as photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 577:441–449

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Sai H, Erbas A, Dannenhoffer A, Huang D, Weingarten A, Siismets E, Jang K, Qu K, Palmer LC, de la Olvera M, Stupp SI (2020) Chromophore amphiphile–polyelectrolyte hybrid hydrogels for photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Mater Chem A 8:158–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Verma P, Singh A, Rahimi FA, Maji TK (2021) Colocalization of light harvesting and catalytic units in a ‘soft’ coordination polymer hydrogel toward visible-light driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Mater Chem A 9:13608–13614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Qin H, Li N, Xu H-M, Guo Q-Y, Cong H-P, Yu S-H (2022) Double confinement hydrogel network enables continuously regenerative solar-to-hydrogen conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed 61:202209687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Balakrishnan A, Vijaya Suryaa K, Tripathy H, Trivedi S, Kumar A, Chinthala M (2024) Phosphorylated g-C3N4/sulfur self-doped g-C3N4 homojunction carboxymethyl cellulose beads: an efficient photocatalyst for H2O2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 663:1087–1098

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Balakrishnan A, Kunnel ES, Sasidharan R, Chinthala M, Kumar A (2024) Tailored citric acid-functionalized carbon nitride homojunction-immobilized carboxymethyl cellulose 3D photocatalytic hydrogels: A multifaceted approach toward environmental remediation. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 12:5169–5185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Balakrishnan A, Kunnel ES, Sasidharan R, Chinthala M, Kumar A (2023) 3D black g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction hydrogels as a sustainable photocatalyst for tetracycline degradation and H2O2 production. Chem Eng J 475:146163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Qin J, Chu K, Huang Y, Zhu X, Hofkens J, He G, Parkin IP, Lai F, Liu T (2021) The bionic sunflower: a bio-inspired autonomous light tracking photocatalytic system. Energy Environ Sci 14:3931–3937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Verma P, Singh A, Rahimi FA, Sarkar P, Nath S, Pati SK, Maji TK (2021) Charge-transfer regulated visible light driven Photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction in tetrathiafulvalene based coordination polymer gel. Nat Commun 12:7313

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge all the academic staff who have made diligent efforts in the literature cited in the article. They would like to acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20582, 51863019, 22265017), Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (IRT15R56), 2023 Industry Support Plan Project from University of Gansu Province (2023CYZC-17), Science and Technology program of Gansu Province (19JR2RA020), and Gansu Provincial Department of Education. Additionally, the author would like to specially thank Northwest Normal University for providing technical support and assistance from professional staff.

Funding

The authors have not disclosed any funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China

    Wei Gao & Bitao Su

  2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China

    Ming Zhong

Authors
  1. Wei Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ming Zhong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bitao Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

W. G. wrote the main manuscript text, M. Z. and B. S. reviewed and edited the manuscript.All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ming Zhong or Bitao Su.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gao, W., Zhong, M. & Su, B. Hydrogel-Based Photocatalysts: Applications in Environmental Remediation and Energy Conversion. J Polym Environ 32, 6131–6148 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03379-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03379-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation