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Humidity sensor based on mesoporous Al-doped NiO ultralong nanowires with enhanced ethanol sensing performance

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Abstract

Mesoporous Al-doped NiO ultralong nanowires with better uniformity, dispersity and well-defined morphologies were synthesized by a simple surfactant based hydrothermal treatment of aqueous solution of Al(NO3)3, NiCl2 and NaC2O4 in the presence of ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol through continuous open air heating at 500 °C. The sensing performances of the gas sensor’s based on bare and Al-doped NiO nanowires had been investigated towards ethanol, methanol, acetone, xylene, toluene and benzene. The results specified that the 3.2 at% Al-doped NiO nanowires display better gas sensitivity characteristics as compare to that of undoped, 1.6 at%, 2.1 at% and 4.3 at% Al-doped NiO nanowires. It has been investigated that the sensitivity features were upgraded with an increment on Al concentration into the crystallites based on NiO nanowires. The assimilation of Al3+ ions within NiO crystals modifies the carrier concentration by inducing changes in the chemisorbed and deficient oxygen of NiO nanowires. Hence, the incorporation of Al3+ into NiO nanowires would be a capable way for scheming and devising significant gas sensors.

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Abbreviations

MOS:

Metal oxide semiconductor

VOC:

Volatile organic compounds

NWS:

Nanowires

EG:

Ethylene glycol

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

r.m.m:

Relative molecular mass

OL :

Lattice oxygen

OV :

Deficient oxygen

OC :

Chemisorbed oxygen

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

EDS:

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

BET:

Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51572239, 51372224 and 91333203), Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (IRT13037). Dr. Z. Wen specially acknowledges the support from State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University (SKL2018-03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Mahmood ul Haq, Ziyue Zhang, Zhen Wen, Shahid Khan, Salah ud Din, Nasir Rahman & Liping Zhu

  2. Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China

    Zhen Wen

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  1. Mahmood ul Haq
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  2. Ziyue Zhang
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ul Haq, M., Zhang, Z., Wen, Z. et al. Humidity sensor based on mesoporous Al-doped NiO ultralong nanowires with enhanced ethanol sensing performance. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 7121–7134 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01030-8

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