Cooperative transmission can be seen as a “virtual” MIMO system, where the multiple transmit antennas are in fact implemented distributed by the antennas both at the source and the relay terminal. Depending on the system design, diversity/multiplexing gains are achievable. This design involves the definition of the type of retransmission (incremental redundancy, repetition coding), the design of the distributed space-time codes, the error correcting scheme, the operation of the relay (decode & forward or amplify & forward) and the number of antennas at each terminal. Proposed schemes are evaluated in different conditions in combination with forward error correcting codes (FEC), both for linear and near-optimum (sphere decoder) receivers, for its possible implementation in downlink high speed packet services of cellular networks. Results show the benefits of coded cooperation over direct transmission in terms of increased throughput. It is shown that multiplexing gains are observed even if the mobile station features a single antenna, provided that cell wide reuse of the relay radio resource is possible.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
1. Telatar I.E. (1999) Capacity of Multi-antenna Gaussian Channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications 10: 585–595
2. Foschini G., Gans M.J. (1998) On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas. Wireless Personal Commun 6: 311–335
L. Zheng and D. N. C. Tse, Diversity and multiplexing: A fundamental tradeoff in multiple antenna channels, IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, Vol. 49, No. 5, May 2003.
4. Cover T.M., El Gamal A.A. (1979) Capacity Theorems for the Relay Channel. IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, 25: 474–584
A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip, and B. Aazhang, User cooperation diversity-Part I: system description, IEEE Transaction Communication, Vol. 51, No. 11, November 2003.
6. Laneman J., Tse D.N.C., Wornell G.W. (2004) Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behaviour. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 50: 3062 – 3080
M. Dohler, Virtual Antenna Arrays, Ph.D. Thesis, King’s College London, 2003.
M. Dohler et al., State by stage detection of distributed space-time block encoded relaying networks, Proc of Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Barcelona (SPAIN), September 2004.
A. Wittneben and B. Rankov, Impact of cooperative relays on the capacity of rank deficient MIMO channels, Proceedings of IST Summit 2003.
R. Nabar, H. Bölcskei, and F. Kneubühler, Fading relay channels: Performance limits and space-time signal design, IEEE Journal Selected Areas Communication, Vol. 22, No. 6, August 2004.
M. C. Valenti and B. Zhao, Distributed turbo codes: Towards the capacity of the relay channel, Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), Orlando (USA), October 2003
A. Nosratinia, T. E. Hunter and A. Hedayat, Cooperative communication in wireless networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, October 2004
13. Hunter T.E., NosratiniaA. (2003) Performance Analysis of Coded Cooperation Diversity. Proc. of ICC 4: 2688–2698
J. N. Laneman and G. W. Wornell, Distributed space-time coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks, IEEE Transaction on IT, Vol. 49, No. 10, October 2003
15. Host-Madsen A. (2002) On the Capacity of the Wireless Relaying. Proceedings VTC 2002-Fall 2: 1187–1191
16. Wang B., Zhang J., (2005) Host-Madsen A. On the capacity of MIMO Relay channels. IEEE Trans On IT 51: 29–43
S. Barbarossa and G. Scutari, Cooperative diversity through virtual arrays in multihop networks, ICASSP 2003, Hong-Kong, April 2003
G. Scutari, S. Barbarossa, and D. Ludovici, Cooperation diversity in multihop wireless networks using opportunistic driven multiple access, Proceedings of SPAWC 2003, Rome (Italy), June 2003
S. Barbarossa and G. Scutari, Distributed space-time coding strategies for wideband multihop networks: Regenerative vs non-regenerative relays, Proceedings of ICASSP, 2004, May 17–21, Montreal, (Canada)
A. Agustin, O. Muñoz, and J. Vidal, A game theoretic approach for cooperative MIMO schemes with cellular reuse of the relay slot, Proceedings of ICASSP, Montreal (Canada), May 17–21, 2004
21. Costello D.J., Hagenauer J., Imai H., Wicker S.B. (1998) Applications of Error-Control Coding. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 44: 2531–2560
D. N. Rowitch and L. B. Milstein, On the Performance of Hybrid FEC/ARQ systems using rate compatible Punctured Turbo (RCPT) Codes, IEEE Transaction on Communication, Vol. 48, No. 6, June 2000
23. Damen O., Chkeif A., Belfiore J., (2000) Lattice Code Decoder for Space Time Codes. IEEE Comm Letters 4(5): 161–163
D. Pérez-Palomar, A. Agustin, O. Muñoz, and J. Vidal, Decode-and-forward protocol for cooperative diversity in multi-antenna wireless networks, Proceedings of IEEE CISS-04, Princeton, (USA), March 2004
25. Hassibi B., Hochwald B.M. (2002) High-rate codes that are linear in space and time. IEEE Trans on IT 48: 1804–1824
A. Agustín, A. Pagès-Zamora, and J. Vidal, LDC consruction with a defined structure, VTC Fall-03, Orlando (USA), October 2003
J. P. Woodard and L. Hanzo, Comparative study of turbo decoding techniques: An overview, IEEE Transaction of IEEE Vehicular Technology, Vol. 49, No. 6, November 2000
B. M. Hochwald and S. ten Brink, Achieving near-capacity on a multiple antenna channel, IEEE Transaction on Communication, March 2003
J. Vogt and A. Finger, Improving the max-log-MAP turbo decoder, Electronics letters, Vol. 36, No. 23, 2000
Acknowledgments
This work has been carried out in the framework of the EC-funded project ROMANTIK (IST-2001-32549) and supported by Spanish and Catalan Government Grants: TEC 2004-04526 and TIC2003-05482 and 2001SGR-00268
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Agustin, A., Vidal, J. & Muñoz, O. Hybrid Turbo FEC/ARQ Systems and Distributed Space-Time Coding for Cooperative Transmission. Int J Wireless Inf Networks 12, 263–280 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10776-005-0012-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10776-005-0012-z