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Satellite Altimetry Measurements of Sea Level in the Coastal Zone

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Abstract

Satellite radar altimetry provides a unique sea level data set that extends over more than 25 years back in time and that has an almost global coverage. However, when approaching the coasts, the extraction of correct sea level estimates is challenging due to corrupted waveforms and to errors in most of the corrections and in some auxiliary information used in the data processing. The development of methods dedicated to the improvement of altimeter data in the coastal zone dates back to the 1990s, but the major progress happened during the last decade thanks to progress in radar technology [e.g., synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mode and Ka-band frequency], improved waveform retracking algorithms, the availability of new/improved corrections (e.g., wet troposphere and tidal models) and processing workflows oriented to the coastal zone. Today, a set of techniques exists for the processing of coastal altimetry data, generally called “coastal altimetry.” They have been used to generate coastal altimetry products. Altimetry is now recognized as part of the integrated observing system devoted to coastal sea level monitoring. In this article, we review the recent technical advances in processing and the new technological capabilities of satellite radar altimetry in the coastal zone. We also illustrate the fast-growing use of coastal altimetry data sets in coastal sea level research and applications, as high-frequency (tides and storm surge) and long-term sea level change studies.

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Fig. 1

Data from Woodworth et al. (2017)

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Adapted from Ampou et al. (2017)

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Fig. 12

Adapted from Chao et al. (2017)

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Acknowledgements

Thanks go to the European Space Agency that supported the development and exploitation of coastal altimetry with various scientific projects (COASTALT, Contract No. 21201/08/I-LG; eSurge Venice, Contract No. 4000104485/11/I-LG; C-TEP, Contract No. C_TEP.1313.ACR-CNR.i1r0; CCI+ Bridging phase, Contract No. 4000109872/13/I-NB; SCOOP, Contract No. 4000115385/15/I-BG and that has organized and financially supported the gathering of the Coastal Altimetry Community with regular Coastal Altimetry Workshops in the past 10 years.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IBF), Via Moruzzi 1, 56127, Pisa, Italy

    Stefano Vignudelli

  2. Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), 18, av. Edouard Belin, 31401 cédex 9, Toulouse, France

    Florence Birol

  3. European Space Agency (ESA-ESRIN), Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy

    Jérôme Benveniste

  4. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA

    Lee-Lueng Fu

  5. Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France

    Nicolas Picot

  6. Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), 11 Rue Hermès, 31520, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France

    Matthias Raynal & Hélène Roinard

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  1. Stefano Vignudelli
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Vignudelli, S., Birol, F., Benveniste, J. et al. Satellite Altimetry Measurements of Sea Level in the Coastal Zone. Surv Geophys 40, 1319–1349 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-019-09569-1

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