[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Lateral Movements of Bridge Embankments on Soft Soils: A Case Study Inspired Investigation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The potential for lateral deformation of bridge embankments is often overlooked. This oversight can result in unforeseen damage to the abutment and bridge. A set of twin bridges in Ada, Oklahoma is hypothesized to have experienced lateral displacement at the bridge abutment due to embankment movement. This movement initially caused the bridge deck expansion joints to close. The bridge experienced additional distress once the expansion joints stopped functioning properly. To further study this phenomenon the embankments and bridge abutments were simulated using PLAXIS 2D. An advanced soil constitutive model, a bounding surface plasticity model, was implemented into PLAXIS 2D. The model allowed for increased prediction capability of the finite element software. The model was calibrated using soil samples collected during a site investigation. The results of the simulation are presented and discussed with reference to the observed bridge distress. The potential for lateral displacement of pile supported bridge abutments is explored using a parametric study. The lateral displacement behavior is influenced by many factors including excess pore water pressure, rotation of principal stresses, construction sequencing, embankment geometry, and foundation layer thickness. The deformation parameters, embankment height, and soft clay layer thickness were systematically varied for the modeled embankment. The results of the parametric study suggest that lateral movement of the bridge abutment toward the bridge can occur when the thickness of the soft clay foundation layer is less than the height of the approach embankment. When the thickness of the soft clay foundation layer is greater than the embankment height, abutment movement away from the bridge is more likely.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  • ASTM-D1586 (2011) Standard test method for standard penetration test (SPT) and split-barrel sampling of soils. ASTM Stand Test Method D1586–11:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozozuk M (1978) Bridge foundations move. Transp Res Rec 678:17–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke M (2009) Integral and semi-integral bridges. John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Chai J, Carter JP (2011) Deformation analysis in soft ground, vol 18. Springer

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dafalias YF, Herrmann LR (1986) Bounding surface plasticity. II: application to isotropic cohesive soils. J Eng Mech 112:1263–1291. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1986)112:12(1292)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis EA, Springman SM (2001) Full-height piled bridge abutments constructed on soft clay. Geotechnique 51:3–14. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2001.51.1.3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ensoft (2019) LPILE v2019 user’s manual: a program for the analyses of deep foundations under lateral loading. Ensoft, Austin

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh ATC, Teh CI, Wong KS (1997) Analysis of piles subjected to embankment induced lateral soil movements. J Geotech Geoenvironmental Eng 123:792–801. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1997)123:9(792)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannigan PJ, Rausche F, Likins GE et al (2016) Design and construction of driven pile foundations workshop manual, vol I. United States Federal Highway Administration, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann LR, Mish KD (1983) User’s manual for SAC-2. A two-dimensional nonlinear, time dependent soil analysis code using the bounding surface plasticity model. University of California, Davis

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hong WP, Lee KW (2009) Evaluation of lateral movement of piled bridge abutment undergoing lateral soil movement in soft ground. Mar Georesources Geotechnol 27:177–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641190802625692

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang W, Fityus S, Bishop D et al (2006) Finite-element parametric study of the consolidation behavior of a trial embankment on soft clay. Int J Geomech 6:328–341. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1532-3641(2006)6:5(328)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CA, Stewart DI, Danilewicz CJ (2008) Bridge distress caused by approach embankment settlement. Proc Inst Civ Eng Geotech Eng 161:63–74. https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.2008.161.2.63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaliakin VN, Herrmann LR (1991) Guidelines for implementing the elastoplastic-viscoplastic bounding surface model. University of California, Davis

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaliakin VN, Muraleetharan KK, Dafalias YF et al (1990) Foundation-response predictions below caisson-retained island. J Geotech Eng 116:1291–1308. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1990)116:9(1291)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaliakin VN, Dafalias YF, Herrmann LR (1987) Time dependent bounding surface model for isotropic cohesive soils: notes for a short course. In: Second international conference on constitutive laws for engineering materials: THEORY and APPLICATION, Tucson, Arizona

  • Kelesoglu MK, Cinicioglu SF (2010) Free-Field measurements to disclose lateral reaction mechanism of piles subjected to soil movements. J Geotech Geoenvironmental Eng 136:331–343. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly RB, Sloan SW, Pineda JA et al (2018) Outcomes of the Newcastle symposium for the prediction of embankment behaviour on soft soil. Comput Geotech 93:9–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.08.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leroueil S, Magnan J, Tavenas F (1990) Embankments on soft clays. Ellis Horwood, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin GR, Chen CY (2005) Response of piles due to lateral slope movement. Comput Struct 83:588–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.11.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peck RB (1969) Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground. In: Proceedings on 7th ICSMFE, 1969:225–290

  • PLAXIS (2020a) PLAXIS material models. Bentley, Exton

    Google Scholar 

  • PLAXIS (2020b) Reference manual - plaxis CONNECT Edition V20.03. Bentley, Exton

    Google Scholar 

  • PLAXIS (2020c) PLAXIS CONNECT edition V20.04 material models manual. Bentley, Exton

    Google Scholar 

  • Samtani NC, Nowatzki EA (2006) Soils and foundations: reference manual, vol I. United States Federal Highway Administration, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen SL, Chai JC, Hong ZS, Cai FX (2005) Analysis of field performance of embankments on soft clay deposit with and without PVD-improvement. Geotext Geomembranes 23:463–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2005.05.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen CK, Sohn J, Mish K, et al (1986) Centrifuge consolidation study for purposes of plasticity theory validation. In: Consolidation of soils: testing and evaluation. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, pp 593–609

  • Siriwardane HJ, Moulton LK, Chen RJ (1984) Prediction of lateral movement of bridge abutments on piles. Transp Res Rec 998:14–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Smadi M (2001) Lateral deformation and associated settlement resulting from embankment loading of soft clay and silt deposits. In: Thesis, Urbana, IL

  • Stewart DP, Jewell RJ, Randolph MF (1994) Design of piled bridge abutments on soft clay for loading from lateral soil movements. Geotechnique 44:277–296. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1994.44.2.277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terzaghi K (1943) Theoretical soil mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tschebotarioff GP (1973) Foundations: retaining and earth structures, 2d edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Turan A, Sangiuliano T, Alam MS, et al (2013) Lateral movements of a bridge abutment due to compressible foundation soils. In: Seventh international conference on case histories in geotechnical engineering. pp 0–8

Download references

Acknowledgements

The research reported herein was supported by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and this support is gratefully acknowledged. The contents of this research reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views of the ODOT or the FHWA. This paper does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. While trade names may be used or displayed in this paper, it is not intended as an endorsement of any machine, contractor, process, or product.

Funding

This work was supported by ODOT and the FHWA (State Planning and Research item No. 2307).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, 202 W. Boyd St., Room 334, Norman, OK, 73019-1024, USA

    Tommy D. Bounds, Kanthasamy K. Muraleetharan & Gerald A. Miller

Authors
  1. Tommy D. Bounds
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kanthasamy K. Muraleetharan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gerald A. Miller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tommy D. Bounds.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bounds, T.D., Muraleetharan, K.K. & Miller, G.A. Lateral Movements of Bridge Embankments on Soft Soils: A Case Study Inspired Investigation. Geotech Geol Eng 42, 121–139 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02559-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02559-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation