[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Log in

A comparison of three PPP integer ambiguity resolution methods

  • Original Article
  • Published:
GPS Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Precise point positioning (PPP) integer ambiguity resolution with a single receiver can be achieved using advanced satellite augmentation corrections. Several PPP integer ambiguity resolution methods have been developed, which include the decoupled clock model, the single-difference between-satellites model, and the integer phase clock model. Although similar positioning performances have been demonstrated, very few efforts have been made to explore the relationship between those methods. Our aim is to compare the three PPP integer ambiguity resolution methods for their equivalence. First, several assumptions made in previous publications are clarified. A comprehensive comparison is then conducted using three criteria: the integer property recovery, the system redundancy, and the necessary corrections through which the equivalence of these three PPP integer ambiguity resolution methods in the user solution is obtained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Collins P (2008) Isolating and estimating undifferenced GPS integer ambiguities. In: Proceedings of ION NTM-2008, Institute of Navigation, San Diego, California, Jan, pp 720–732

  • Collins P, Bisnath S, Francois L, Héroux P (2010) Undifferenced GPS ambiguity resolution using the decoupled clock model and ambiguity datum fixing. Navigation 57(2):123–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dow J, Neilan R, Rizos C (2009) The international GNSS service (IGS) in a changing landscape of global navigation satellite system. J Geod 83(3–4):191–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y, Shen X (2002) A new method for carrier phase based precise point positioning. Navigation 49(2):109–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ge M, Gendt G, Rothacher M, Shi C, Liu J (2008) Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in precise point positioning (PPP) with daily observations. J Geod 82(7):389–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geng J, Teferle F, Shi C, Meng X, Dodson A, Liu J (2009) Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data. GPS Solut 13(4):263–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geng J, Meng X, Dodson A, Teferle F (2010) Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning: method comparison. J Geod 84(9):569–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hatch R (1982) The synergism of GPS code and carrier measurements. In: Proceedings of the third international symposium on satellite Doppler positioning at Physical Sciences Laboratory of New Mexico State University, Feb 8–12, vol 2, pp 1213–1231

  • Kouba J (2009) A guide to using international GNSS service (IGS) products. http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/components/usage.html

  • Kouba J, Héroux P (2001) Precise point positioning using IGS orbit and clock products. GPS Solut 5(2):12–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laurichesse D, Mercier F, Berthias J, Bijac J (2008) Real time zero-difference ambiguities blocking and absolute RTK. In: Proceedings of the ION NTM-2008, Institute of Navigation, San Diego, California, Jan, pp 747–755

  • Melbourne WG (1985) The case for ranging in GPS-based geodetic systems. In: Proceedings of the first international symposium on precise positioning with the global positioning system, Rockville, MD, USA, 15–19 April

  • Shi JB, Gao Y (2010) Analysis of the integer property of ambiguity and characteristics of code and phase clocks in PPP using a decoupled clock model. In: Proceedings of ION GNSS-2010, The Institute of Navigation, Portland, Oregon, Sept, pp 2553–2564

  • Wang M, Gao Y (2006) GPS un-differenced ambiguity resolution and validation. In: Proceedings of ION GNSS-2006, Institute of Navigation, Fort Worth, TX, Sept, pp 292–300

  • Wang M, Gao Y. (2007) An investigation on GPS receiver initial phase bias and its determination. In: Proceedings of ION NTM-2007, The Institute of Navigation, San Diego, California, Jan, pp 873–880

  • Wübbena G (1985) Software developments for geodetic positioning with GPS using TI-4100 code and carrier measurements. In: Proceedings of the first international symposium on precise positioning with the global positioning system, Rockville, MD, April

  • Zumberge JF, Heflin MB, Jefferson DC, Watkins MM, Webb FH (1997) Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. J Geophys Res 102(B3):5005–5017

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Paul Collins, Jianghui Geng, and Denis Laurichesse are sincerely acknowledged for their valuable discussions and suggestions. We also appreciate the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. This research was supported by NSERC and the Liaoning Talent Program (Grant No. LR2011007). In addition, the first author is financially supported by Key Laboratory of Precise Engineering and Industry Surveying, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation (Grant No. PF2012-13), and China Scholarship Council.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Junbo Shi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shi, J., Gao, Y. A comparison of three PPP integer ambiguity resolution methods. GPS Solut 18, 519–528 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-013-0348-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-013-0348-2

Keywords

Navigation