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Clinical, radiographic and restorative parameters for short tuberosity implants placed in smokers: a retrospective study with 5 year follow-up

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Abstract

This study aimed to estimate and compare the clinical, radiographic, and restorative parameters around short tuberosity implants (STIs) placed in cigarette smokers (CS) and never smokers (NS). In this 60-month follow-up retrospective study, a total of 50 (37 males + 13 females) individuals who had received 82 dental implants were included. These participants were categorized into two groups as follows: (i) Group-1: 25 self-reported systemically healthy CS with 43 STIs; and (ii) Group-2: 25 self-reported systemically healthy NS with 39 STIs. In both groups, peri-implant plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and crestal bone loss (CBL) and restorative parameters were measured at 12 and 60 months of follow-up. Group comparisons were performed utilizing the Kruskal–Wallis test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. In CS and NS, the mean age of participants was 58.5 and 60.7 years, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the overall mean levels of PD and CBL around STIs among CS and NS. However, a statistically significant increase was observed in the mean scores of BOP and PI around STIs in the NS and CS at 12 and 60 months follow-up, respectively. In both groups, the loosening of the implant was the most frequently encountered type of STI failure. The outcomes of the present study suggest that STIs placed in maxillary tuberosity can show reliable clinical, radiographic, and restorative stability among cigarettes smokers and non-smokers. However, the role of smoking status and oral hygiene cannot be disregarded in this scenario.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Researchers supporting project at King Saud University for funding through Researchers supporting project No. (RSP-2019-44).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Aasem M. Alhenaki,  Faraz K. Alrawi,  Abdullah Alshahrani, Mohammed Alrabiah, Eman M. AlHamdan, Fahim Vohra & Tariq Abduljabbar

  2. Oral Medicine, Dental Section, Akhter Syed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan

    Ahmed Mohamed & Paras Ahmad

  3. Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Sameer A. Mokeem

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  1. Aasem M. Alhenaki
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  2. Faraz K. Alrawi
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  3. Ahmed Mohamed
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  4. Abdullah Alshahrani
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  5. Mohammed Alrabiah
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  7. Eman M. AlHamdan
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Contributions

AMA, AM and SM: Data collection, study design, manuscript writing, manuscript revisions. FKA, AA and MA: Manuscript revisions, manuscript drafting, Resources, Validation and conceptualization. FV and TJ: Data collection, study design, manuscript drafting, data analysis, and manuscript approval. EMA: Assistance in data collection, questionnaire design, manuscript revisions, data interpretation, conceptualization, visualization. EMA and PA: Data collection, data interpretation, writing, and editing and final manuscript approval.

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Correspondence to Tariq Abduljabbar.

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Alhenaki, A.M., Alrawi, .K., Mohamed, A. et al. Clinical, radiographic and restorative parameters for short tuberosity implants placed in smokers: a retrospective study with 5 year follow-up. Odontology 109, 979–986 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-021-00623-2

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