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A geometric approach to remote eye tracking

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Abstract

This paper presents a principled analysis of various combinations of image features to determine their suitability for remote eye tracking. It begins by reviewing the basic theory underlying the connection between eye image and gaze direction. Then a set of approaches is proposed based on different combinations of well-known features and their behaviour is evaluated, taking into account various additional criteria such as free head movement, and minimum hardware and calibration requirements. The paper proposes a final method based on multiple glints and the pupil centre; the method is evaluated experimentally. Future trends in eye tracking technology are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

Our research has received funding from the European Commission within the Network of Excellence COGAIN (contract no. IST-2003-511598) of the 6th Framework Programme. Additionally, research at the University of Lübeck has received funding from the European Commission within the project GazeCom (contract no. IST-C-033816) of the 6th FP. All views expressed herein are those of the authors alone; the European Community is not liable for any use made of the information.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain

    Arantxa Villanueva & Rafael Cabeza

  2. Department of Electronics, Siauliai University, Siauliai, Lithuania

    Gintautas Daunys

  3. Technical University of Denmark/IT University, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Dan Witzner Hansen

  4. Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Martin Böhme, André Meyer & Erhardt Barth

Authors
  1. Arantxa Villanueva
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  2. Gintautas Daunys
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  3. Dan Witzner Hansen
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  4. Martin Böhme
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  5. Rafael Cabeza
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  6. André Meyer
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  7. Erhardt Barth
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Correspondence to Arantxa Villanueva.

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Villanueva, A., Daunys, G., Hansen, D.W. et al. A geometric approach to remote eye tracking. Univ Access Inf Soc 8, 241–257 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-009-0149-0

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