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Mapping potential areas for groundwater storage in Wadi Aurnah Basin, western Arabian Peninsula, using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques

La Cartographie des zones potentielles de stockage de l’eau souterraine dans le bassin Wadi Aurnah, situé à l Ouest de la Péninsule Arabique, à l’aide de la Télédétection et le Système d’Information Géographique

Mapeo de áreas potenciales de almacenamiento de aguas subterráneas en la cuenca Wadi Aurnah, oeste de la península Arábiga, usando sensores remotos y técnicas sistemas de información geográfica

应用遥感和GIS技术进行阿拉伯半岛西部Wadi Aurnah盆地地下水可能储存区的制图

Mapeamento de áreas potenciais para armazenamento de água subterrânea na Bacia de Wadi Aurnah, Oeste da Península Arábica, usando técnicas de detecção remota e sistemas de informação geográfica

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Abstract

Water shortage has become a problem in many arid regions where rainfall is low. Wadi Aurnah Basin, in Saudi Arabia (Arabian Peninsula), where the Holy Islamic cities are located, was selected for study, since it represents a water-scarce region. The potential for groundwater storage was investigated. This was achieved using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to cover the whole area (3,113 km2). Satellite images with high spatial resolution were processed to recognize terrain elements controlling the subsurface rock behavior. Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER and SRTM satellite images were processed using ERDAS IMAGINE software. The influencing factors on groundwater storage were determined and digitally mapped as thematic layers. This included rainfall, lithology, rock fractures, slope, drainage and land cover/use. These factors were integrated in the GIS system (ArcView). A map was produced, indicating potential areas for groundwater storage. The map shows that 12–15% of Wadi Aurnah Basin has potential for groundwater storage, mainly in areas where intensive fracture systems exist.

Résumé

La pénurie d’eau est devenue un problème dans de nombreuses régions arides où la pluviométrie est faible. Le bassin versant de Wadi Aurnah, en Arabie Saoudite (Péninsule Arabique), où les villes sacrées islamiques sont situées, a été sélectionné pour cette étude vu qu’il représente une région pauvre en eau. Le potentiel de stockage des eaux souterraines a été étudié. Ceci a été réalisé en utilisant la télédétection et le système d’information géographique (SIG) pour couvrir l’ensemble du territoire (3,113 km2). Les images satellites à haute résolution spatiale ont été traitées en vue de reconnaître les éléments de terrain qui contrôlent les comportements rocheux souterrains. Landsat 7 ETM +, ASTER et SRTM images satellitaires ont été traitées à l’aide du logiciel ERDAS IMAGINE. Les facteurs influant sur le stockage des eaux souterraines ont été mesurés et cartographiés numériquement sous forme de couches thématiques. Il comprend les précipitations, la lithologie, les fractures de roches, la pente, le drainage, l’utilisation et l’occupation du sol. Ces facteurs ont été intégrés dans le système SIG (ArcView). Une carte a été produite; indiquant les domaines potentiels pour le stockage des eaux souterraines. Cette carte montre que 12–15% du basin de Wadi Aurnah possède un potentiel de stockage des eaux souterraines, principalement dans les zones où les systèmes à forte intensité de rupture existent.

Resumen

La carencia de agua se ha convertido en un problema en muchas regiones áridas donde la precipitación es baja. La cuenca de Wadi Aurnah, en Arabia Saudita (Península Arábiga), donde las ciudades sagradas islámicas están localizadas, fue seleccionada para el estudio, puesto que representa una región de escasez de agua. Se investigó el potencial para el almacenamiento de aguas subterráneas. Esto se logró usando sensores remotos y sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) para cubrir la totalidad del área (3,113 km2). Las imágenes satelitales con alta resolución especial se procesaron para reconocer los elementos del terreno que controlan del comportamiento de rocas subsuperficiales. Imágenes satelitales Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER y SRTM se procesaron usando el software ERDAS IMAGINE. Se determinaron los factores que influyen en el almacenamiento de las aguas subterráneas y se mapearon digitalmente como capas temáticas. Esto incluyó precipitaciones, litología, fracturas de rocas, pendientes, drenaje y uso/cobertura del suelo. Estos factores fueron integrados en el sistema SIG (ArcView). Se produjo un mapa, indicando áreas potenciales de almacenamiento de aguas subterráneas. El mapa muestra que 12–15% de la cuenca Wadi Aurnah tiene potencial para el almacenamiento de aguas subterráneas, principalmente en áreas donde existen sistemas de fracturación intensiva.

摘要

许多干旱区由于降水少而面临着地下水短缺问题。选择代表缺水地区的伊斯兰圣城所在的沙特阿拉伯 (阿拉伯半岛) Wadi Aurnah盆地作为研究区, 应用遥感和地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术, 调查了全区 (3,113 km2) 地下水的可能储存区域。通过对高空间分辨率卫星图像进行处理, 识别控制地下岩石特性的地形要素。应用ERDAS IMAGINE 软件对Landsat 7 ETM + 、ASTER和SRTM卫星图像进行了处理。确定了地下水储存的影响因素并将其数字化为专题图层。其中包括降水、岩性、岩石裂隙、坡度、渠系和土地覆被/利用。将这些因素由GIS系统 (ArcView) 集成。得到的图件可指示地下水储存的可能区域。该图件表明, Wadi Aurnah盆地的12–15%具有地下水储存潜力, 主要位于裂隙系统发育的地区。

Resumo

A escassez de água tornou-se num problema em muitas regiões áridas com baixa precipitação. A Bacia de Wadi Aurnah, na Arábia Saudita (Península Arábica), onde as cidades Islâmicas Sagradas se localizam, foi seleccionada para ser estudada, visto que representa uma região com escassez de água. Foi investigado o potencial para o armazenamento de água subterrânea. Esta investigação foi conseguida usando técnicas de detecção remota e sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) para cobrir toda a área (3,113 km2). Imagens de satélite com alta resolução espacial foram processadas para reconhecer elementos do terreno que controlam o comportamento das rochas subsuperficiais. Imagens de satélite do Landast 7 ETM+, ASTER e SRTM foram processadas usando o software ERDAS IMAGINE. Os factores que influenciam o armazenamento da água subterrânea foram determinados e mapeados digitalmente como camadas temáticas. Estes incluíram a precipitação, a litologia, as fracturas das rochas, a inclinação, drenagem e uso ou cobertura do terreno. Estes factores foram integrados num sistema de SIG (ArcView). Foi produzido um mapa indicando as áreas potenciais para o armazenamento de água subterrânea. O mapa mostra que 12–15% da Bacia de Wadi Aurnah tem potencial para o armazenamento de água, sobretudo em áreas onde existem sistemas de fracturação intensa.

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  1. King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology, Space Research Institute, P.O. Box 15413, Riyadh, 11444, Saudi Arabia

    Mashael Al Saud

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  1. Mashael Al Saud
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Correspondence to Mashael Al Saud.

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Al Saud, M. Mapping potential areas for groundwater storage in Wadi Aurnah Basin, western Arabian Peninsula, using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques. Hydrogeol J 18, 1481–1495 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0598-9

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