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Underapproximation of procedure summaries for integer programs

  • TACAS 2013
  • Published:
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We show how to underapproximate the procedure summaries of recursive programs over the integers using off-the-shelf analyzers for non-recursive programs. The novelty of our approach is that the non-recursive program we compute may capture unboundedly many behaviors of the original recursive program for which stack usage cannot be bounded. Moreover, we identify a class of recursive programs on which our method terminates and returns the precise summary relations without underapproximation. Doing so, we generalize a similar result for non-recursive programs to the recursive case. Finally, we present experimental results of an implementation of our method applied on a number of examples.

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Notes

  1. We adopt the convention that the empty sum evaluates to \({\mathbf {0}}\).

  2. Observe that there are no global variables in the definition of integer program. Those can be encoded as input and output variables to each procedure.

  3. Our simplified syntax does not seek to capture the generality of integer programs. Instead, our goal is to give a convenient notation for the programs given in this paper and only those.

  4. assume \(\phi \) is executable if and only if the current values of the variables satisfy the Presburger formula \(\phi \).

  5. havoc assigns non deterministically chosen integers to \(x_1,x_2,\ldots ,x_n\).

  6. Recall that each \(w_i\) is a non-empty word.

  7. Given two languages \(L_1 \subseteq \varSigma _1^*\) and \(L_2 \subseteq \varSigma _2^*\) their asynchronous product, denoted \(L_1 \parallel L_2\), is the language L over the alphabet \(\varSigma =\varSigma _1\cup \varSigma _2\) such that \(w\in L\) iff the projections of w to \(\varSigma _1\) and \(\varSigma _2\) belong to \(L_1\) and \(L_2\), respectively. Observe that the \(L_1\parallel L_2\) depends on \(L_1\), \(L_2\) and also their underlying alphabet \(\varSigma _1\) and \(\varSigma _2\).

  8. https://github.com/filipkonecny/flata.

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Acknowledgments

Pierre Ganty is supported by the EU FP7 2007–2013 program under Agreement 610686 POLCA, by the Madrid Regional Government under CM Project S2013/ICE-2731 (N-Greens) and RISCO: RIgorous analysis of Sophisticated COncurrent and distributed systems, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness No. TIN2015-71819-P (2016–2018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IMDEA Software Institute, Madrid, Spain

    Pierre Ganty

  2. VERIMAG/CNRS, Grenoble, France

    Radu Iosif & Filip Konečný

  3. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

    Filip Konečný

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  1. Pierre Ganty
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  2. Radu Iosif
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  3. Filip Konečný
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Correspondence to Radu Iosif.

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Ganty, P., Iosif, R. & Konečný, F. Underapproximation of procedure summaries for integer programs. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer 19, 565–584 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-016-0420-7

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