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Characteristics of the precipitation recycling ratio and its relationship with regional precipitation in China

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Abstract

A dynamic recycling model (DRM) with an analytical moisture trajectory tracking method, together with Japan Meteorological Agency 25-year reanalysis data, is used to study the regional precipitation recycling process across China, by calculating the regional recycling ratio (ρ r ) at the daily time scale during 1979–2010. The distribution of ρ r shows that, in western China, especially the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, precipitation is strongly dependent on the recycling process associated with regional evaporation. In Southeast China, however, the contribution from the recycling processes is much smaller due to the influence of the summer monsoon. A precipitation threshold value of about 4 mm/day is obtained from detailed analysis of both extreme and all-range ρ r years. According to this threshold, China is classified into three types of sub-regions: low-precipitation sub-regions (mainly in the northwest), high-precipitation sub-regions (mainly in the south), and medium-precipitation sub-regions (mainly in the northeast). It is found that ρ r correlates positively with precipitation, as well as convective precipitation (P CP) and large-scale precipitation (P LP) in the low-precipitation sub-regions. However, negative ρ r  ∼ P LP correlations are found in the high-precipitation sub-regions and nonsignificant correlations exist in the medium-precipitation sub-regions. As P CP is mainly locally generated due to mid-latitude mesoscale systems and the cumulus parameterization used in producing the reanalysis, the recycling ratio positively correlates to the ratio P CP/P LP in almost all sub-regions, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. The correlation between radiation flux and ρ r suggests more net radiation supports more evaporation and higher ρ r , especially in the high-precipitation sub-regions. The influence of clouds on shortwave radiation is crucial, since evaporation is suppressed when the amount of cloudiness increases, especially in the high-precipitation sub-regions. Together with the consideration of soil moisture, it can be inferred that limited soil moisture inhibits evaporation in the low-precipitation sub-regions, while the energy or radiation is the dominant factor controlling evaporation in the high-precipitation sub-regions.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant nos. 41475072, 41275064, and 40905037; the China Meteorological Administration R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare (Meteorology) under grant no. GYHY201306024; and the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation of Ocean under grant no. 201005019.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Lijuan Hua

  2. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Linhao Zhong

  3. National Climate Center, Beijing, 100081, China

    Zongjian Ke

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  1. Lijuan Hua
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  2. Linhao Zhong
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Correspondence to Linhao Zhong.

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Hua, L., Zhong, L. & Ke, Z. Characteristics of the precipitation recycling ratio and its relationship with regional precipitation in China. Theor Appl Climatol 127, 513–531 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1645-1

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