Abstract
To simplify effective music filtering, recommender systems (RS) have received great attention from both industry and academia area. To select which music to recommend, traditional RS uses an approximation of users’ real interests. However, while discarding users’ contexts, profiles information is not able to reflect their exact needs and to provide overpowering recommendations. One of the main issues that have to be considered before the conception of context-aware recommender systems (CARS) is the estimation of the relevance of contextual information. The use of irrelevant or superfluous contextual factors can generate serious problems about the complexity and the quality of recommendations. In this paper, we introduce a multi-dimensional context model for music CARS. We started by the acquisition of explicit items rating from a population in various possible contextual situations. Thus, we proposed a user-based methodology aiming to judge the relation between contextual factors and musical genres. Next, we applied the Multiple Linear Regression technique on users’ perceived ratings, to define an order of importance between contextual dimensions. We described raw collected data with basic statistics about the created dataset. We also summarized the key results and discussed key findings. Finally, we propose a new framework for Music CARS.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
References
Adams, A., Cox, A.L.: Questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focus groups. In: Cairns P, Cox AL (eds.) Research Methods for Human Computer Interaction, pp 17–34. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)
Adomavicius, G., Jannach, D.: Preface to the special issue on context-aware recommender systems. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 24, 1–5 (2014)
Adomavicius, G., Tuzhilin, A.: Context-aware recommender systems. In: Ricci F, Rokach L, Shapira B, Kantor PB (eds.) Recommender Systems Handbook, Springer, pp. 217–253. Springer (2011)
Adomavicius, G., Sankaranarayanan, R., Sen, S., Tuzhilin, A.: Incorporating contextual information in recommender systems using a multidimensional approach. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 23(1), 103–145 (2005)
Adomavicius, G., Manouselis, N., Kwon, Y.: Multi-criteria recommender systems. In: Ricci F, Rokach L, Shapira B, Kantor PB (eds.) Recommender Systems Handbook, pp. 769–803. Springer (2011)
Agarwal, D., Chen, B.C., Elango, P.: Spatio-temporal models for estimating click-through rate. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on World Wide Web, ACM, New York, NY, USA, WWW ’09, pp. 21–30 (2009)
Alhamid, M.F., Rawashdeh, M., Al Osman, H., El Saddik, A.: Leveraging biosignal and collaborative filtering for context-aware recommendation. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multimedia Indexing and Information Retrieval for Healthcare, New York, NY, USA, pp. 41–48 (2013)
Ankolekar, A., Sandholm, T.: Foxtrot: A soundtrack for where you are. In: Proceedings of Interacting with Sound Workshop, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 26–31 (2011)
Asoh, H., Motomura, Y., Ono, C.: An analysis of differences between preferences in real and supposed contexts. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on context-aware recommender systems, Barcelona, Spain, CARS’ 10, pp. 16–20 (2010)
Ayata, D., Yaslan, Y., Kamasak, M.E.: Emotion based music recommendation system using wearable physiological sensors. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 64(2), 196–203 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2018.2844736
Bader, R., Neufeld, E., Woerndl, W., Prinz, V.: Context-aware POI recommendations in an automotive scenario using multi-criteria decision making methods. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Workshop on Context-awareness in Retrieval and Recommendation, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CaRR ’11, pp. 23–30 (2011)
Bai, K., Kawagoe, K.: Background music recommendation system based on user’s heart rate and elapsed time. In: Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, ICCAE 2018, p. 49–52. https://doi.org/10.1145/3192975.3193013 (2018)
Balkwill, L.L., Thompson, W.F.: A cross-cultural investigation of the perception of emotion in music: psychophysical and cultural cues. Music Percept. 17(1), 43–64 (1999)
Baltrunas, L., Kaminskas, M., Ricci, F.: Best usage context prediction for music tracks. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on context-aware recommender systems, Barcelona, Spain, CARS’ 10, pp. 21–25 (2010)
Baltrunas, L., Kaminskas, M., Ludwig, B., Moling, O., Ricci, F., Aydin, A., Lüke, K.H., Schwaiger, R.: Incarmusic: context-aware music recommendations in a car. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on E-Commerce and Web Technologies, Toulouse, France, pp. 89–100 (2011)
Baltrunas, L., Ludwig, B., Peer, S., Ricci, F.: Context relevance assessment and exploitation in mobile recommender systems. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 16(5), 507–526 (2012)
Ben Sassi, I., Ben Yahia, S., Mellouli, S.: Context-aware recommender systems in mobile environment: on the road of future research. Inf. Syst. 72, 27–61 (2017)
Ben Sassi, I., Ben Yahia, S., Mellouli, S.: User-based context modeling for music recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems—Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Springer, Warsaw, Poland, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10352, pp. 157–167 (2017)
Borràs, J., Moreno, A., Valls, A.: Intelligent tourism recommender systems: a survey. Expert Syst. Appl. 41(16), 7370–7389 (2014)
Braunhofer, M., Elahi, M., Ge, M., Ricci, F., Schievenin, T.: STS: design of weather-aware mobile recommender systems in tourism. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent User Interfaces, Turin, Italy, pp. 40–46 (2013)
Bryman, A., Cramer, D.: Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS for Windows: A Guide for Social Scientists. Routledge, New York (1997)
Cantador, I., Castells, P.: Semantic contextualisation in a news recommender system. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Context-Aware Recommender Systems, New York, NY, USA, CARS’ 09, pp. 1–5 (2009)
Dawson, S., Manderson, L.: A Manual for the Use of Focus Groups, vol. 97. INFDC, Bonston (1993)
Dey, A.K., Abowd, G.D.: Towards a better understanding of context and context-awareness. In: Proceedings of the First International Symposium Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing, London, UK, pp. 304–315 (1999)
Dourish, P.: What we talk about when we talk about context. Pers. Ubiquitous Comput. 8(1), 19–30 (2004)
Draper, N.R., Smith, H.: Applied Regression Analysis. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1998)
Eerola, T., Vuoskoski, J.K.: A comparison of the discrete and dimensional models of emotion in music. Psychol. Music 39(1), 18–49 (2011)
Ekman, P.: Basic emotions. In: Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, pp. 45–60. John Wiley (1999)
Ferwerda, B., Schedl, M.: Enhancing music recommender systems with personality information and emotional states: a proposal. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Emotions and Personality in Personalized Services, Aalborg, Denmark, EMPIRE ’14, vol. 1181 (2014)
Fling, B.: Mobile Design and Development: Practical Concepts and Techniques for Creating Mobile Sites and Web Apps—Animal Guide, 1st edn. O’Reilly Media, Inc (2009)
Gabrielsson, A., Juslin, P.N.: Emotional expression in music performance: between the performer’s intention and the listener’s experience. Psychol. Music 24, 68–91 (1996)
Han, B.J., Rho, S., Jun, S., Hwang, E.: Music emotion classification and context-based music recommendation. Multimed. Tools Appl. 47(3), 433–460 (2010)
Hariri, N., Mobasher, B., Burke, R.: Using social tags to infer context in hybrid music recommendation. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Workshop on Web Information and Data Management, New York, NY, USA, pp. 41–48 (2012)
Hasan, S., Zhan, X., Ukkusuri, S.V.: Understanding urban human activity and mobility patterns using large-scale location-based data from online social media. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Urban Comput., ACM, New York, NY, USA, UrbComp ’13, pp. 1–8 (2013)
Hevner, K.: Experimental studies of the elements of expression in music. Am. J. Psychol. 48(2), 246–268 (1936)
Hofstede, G., Bond, M.H.: Hofstede’s culture dimensions: an independent validation using Rokeach’s value survey. J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 15(4), 417–433 (1984)
Hull, R., Neaves, P., Bedford-Roberts, J.: Towards situated computing. In: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, ISWC ’97, pp. 146–153 (1997)
Hunter, P.G., Schellenberg, E.G., Griffith, A.T.: Misery loves company: mood-congruent emotional responding to music. Emotion 11, 1068–1072 (2011)
Ivana, A., Parra, D., O’Donovan, J.: Moodplay: interactive music recommendation based on artists’ mood similarity. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 121, 142–159 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.04.004. (Advances in Computer-Human Interaction for Recommender Systems)
Jack, B., Clarke, A.: The purpose and use of questionnaires in research. Prof. Nurse 14(3), 176–179 (1998)
Jiang, S., Ferreira, J., Gonzélez, M.C.: Clustering daily patterns of human activities in the city. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 25(3), 478–510 (2012)
Kaminskas, M., Ricci, F.: Contextual music information retrieval and recommendation: state of the art and challenges. Comput. Sci. Rev. 6(2–3), 89–119 (2012)
Kaminskas, M., Fernández-Tobías, I., Ricci, F., Cantador, I.: Knowledge-based music retrieval for places of interest. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Music Information Retrieval with User-centered and Multimodal Strategies, New York, NY, USA, pp. 19–24 (2012)
Keltner, D., Lerner, J.S.: Emotion. In: Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. 1. American Cancer Society, Wiley, New York (2010)
Knijnenburg, B.P., Bostandjiev, S., O’Donovan, J., Kobsa, A.: Inspectability and control in social recommenders. In: Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, RecSys ’12, pp. 43–50 (2012)
Kolakowska, A., Landowska, A., Szwoch, M., Szwoch, W., Wróbel, M.R.: Emotion recognition and its application in software engineering. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human System Interaction, IEEE, Gdansk, Poland, pp. 532–539 (2013)
Lee, H., Choi, Y.S., Lee, S., Park, I.P.: Towards unobtrusive emotion recognition for affective social communication. In: Proceedings of the Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 260–264 (2012)
Lieberman, H., Selker, T.: Out of context: computer systems that adapt to, and learn from, context. IBM Syst. J. 39, 617–632 (2000)
Likert, R.: A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Arch. Psychol. 22(140), 1–55 (1932)
Nirjon, S., Dickerson, R.F., Li, Q., Asare, P., Stankovic, J.A., Hong, D., Zhang, B., Jiang, X., Shen, G., Zhao, F.: Musicalheart: a hearty way of listening to music. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 43–56 (2012)
Okada, K., Karlsson, B.F., Sardinha, L., Noleto, T.: Contextplayer: learning contextual music preferences for situational recommendations. In: Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH Asia Symposium on Mobile Graphics and Interactive Applications, ACM, New York, NY, USA, SA ’13, pp. 6:1–6:7 (2013)
Ono, C., Takishima, Y., Motomura, Y., Asoh, H.: Context-aware preference model based on a study of difference between real and supposed situation data. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization, Trento, Italy, pp. 102–113 (2009)
Park, C.H., Kahng, M.: Temporal dynamics in music listening behavior: a case study of online music service. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACIS 9th International Conference on Computer and Information Science, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, ICIS ’10, pp. 573–578 (2010)
Rattray, J., Jones, M.C.: Essential elements of questionnaire design and development. J. Clin. Nurs. 16, 234–243 (2007)
Reddy, S., Mascia, J.: Lifetrak: Music in tune with your life. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Human-Centered Multimedia. ACM, New York, pp. 25–34 (2006)
Rentfrow, P.J., Gosling, S.D.: The do re mi’s of everyday life: the structure and personality correlates of music preferences. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 84(6), 1236–1256 (2003)
Ricci, F.: Mobile recommender systems. Int. J. Inf. Technol. Tour. 12(3), 205–231 (2011)
Ross, S.M.: Chapter 12–linear regression. In: Ross, S.M. (ed.) Introductory Statistics, 3rd edn, pp. 537–604. Academic Press, Boston (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374388-6.00012-0
Sánchez-Moreno, D., Zheng, Y., Moreno-García, M.N.: Incorporating time dynamics and implicit feedback into music recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI), pp. 580–585. https://doi.org/10.1109/WI.2018.00-34 (2018)
Schedl, M., Knees, P., McFee, B., Bogdanov, D., Kaminskas, M.: Music recommender systems. In: Ricci F, Rokach L, Shapira B (eds.) Recommender Systems Handbook, Springer, pp. 453–492 (2015)
Schedl, M., Zamani, H., Chen, C., Deldjoo, Y., Elahi, M.: Current challenges and visions in music recommender systems research. Int. J. Multimed. Inf. Retr. 7(2), 95–116 (2018)
Schellenberg, E.G., Corrigall, K.A., Ladinig, O., Huron, D.: Changing the tune: listeners like music that expresses a contrasting emotion. Front. Psychol. 3, 574 (2012)
Schilit, B., Adams, N., Want, R.: Context-aware computing applications. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Washington, DC, USA, WMCSA ’94, pp. 85–90 (1994)
Skowronek, J., Mckinney, M.F., Van De Par, S.: Groundtruth for automatic music mood classification. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, Victoria, Canada, ISMIR ’07, pp. 4–5 (2006)
Srivastava, R., Hingmire, S., Palshikar, G.K., Chaurasia. S, Dixit A: Csrs: A context and sequence aware recommendation system. In: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Meeting of the Forum on Information Retrieval Evaluation, ACM, New York, NY, USA, FIRE ’16, pp. 8–15 (2016)
Uitdenbogerd, A.L., Van Schyndel, R.G.: A review of factors affecting music recommender success. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, Paris, France, pp. 204–208 (2002)
Vargas, S., Baltrunas, L., Karatzoglou, A., Castells, P.: Coverage, redundancy and size-awareness in genre diversity for recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, RecSys ’14, pp .209–216 (2014)
Vieillard, S., Peretz, I., Gosselin, N., Khalfa, S., Gagnon, L., Bouchard, B.: Happy, sad, scary and peaceful musical excerpts for research on emotions. Cogn. Emotion 22(4), 720–752 (2008)
Volokhin, S., Agichtein, E.: Understanding music listening intents during daily activities with implications for contextual music recommendation. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, CHIIR ’18, p. 313–316. https://doi.org/10.1145/3176349.3176885 (2018)
Wang, X., Rosenblum, D., Wang, Y.: Context-aware mobile music recommendation for daily activities. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia, New York, NY, USA, pp. 99–108 (2012)
Zangerle, E., Pichl, M., Schedl, M.: Culture-aware music recommendation. In: Proceedings of the 26th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, ACM, New York, NY, USA, UMAP ’18, pp. 357–358 (2018)
Zentner, M., Grandjean, D., Scherer, K.R.: Emotions evoked by the sound of music: characterization, classification, and measurement. Emotion 8(4), 494–521 (2008)
Zheng, Y.: Situation-aware multi-criteria recommender system: using criteria preferences as contexts. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Applied Computing, ACM, New York, NY, USA, SAC ’17, pp. 689–692 (2017)
Zheng, Y., Jose, A.A.: Context-aware recommendations via sequential predictions. In: Proceedings of the 34th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, SAC ’19, p. 2525–2528. https://doi.org/10.1145/3297280.3297639 (2019)
Zimmermann, A., Lorenz, A., Oppermann, R.: An operational definition of context. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Modeling and Using Context, pp. 558–571. Springer, Roskilde (2007)
Acknowledgements
The authors are supported by the Astra funding program Grant 2014-2020.4.01.16-032.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by I. Bartolini.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
An extended and largely revised version of the paper that appeared in the International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems on ISMIS’2017.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ben Sassi, I., Ben Yahia, S. How does context influence music preferences: a user-based study of the effects of contextual information on users’ preferred music. Multimedia Systems 27, 143–160 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-020-00717-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-020-00717-x